中学欺侮行为现状研究

对湖南两所中学的３９９名中学生学校欺侮行为进行了研究,结果发现,经常受欺侮者为２７％,欺侮者为１４％。欺侮行为发生的地点是学校,发生的时间一般是课间。对于受欺侮者而言,没有性别差异,但是欺侮者以男生为主。受欺侮行为随年龄的增长在下降,而欺侮行为为则在上升。     

高师生心理健康教育实验研究

本文采用自然教学实验的研究方法,探讨心理健康教育对高师生健康信念、健康行为和健康水平的影响,以高师９５级大学三年级学生１２６个为实验组,进行５４个课时的心理健康课程教学,并以同校同级学生１０９个对照组。采用健康信念和健康行为调查表和Ｃａｗｔｅ健康量表,对实验组和控制组被试进行调查和测试。结果表明,心理健康教育不仅明显改善了高师生的健康信念和健康行为,而且提高了他们的身心健康水平。     

大学生人际信任变迁的横断历史研究

在当代剧烈的社会变迁背景下, 人们的信任水平可能会发生改变。本文采用横断历史研究方法, 对采用Rotter “人际信任量表”调查大学生人际信任水平的53篇研究报告进行了元分析, 这些文献涉及24233名大学生, 调查的时间跨度为1998年至2009年。研究结果表明：(1)我国大学生人际信任水平在这11年间显著降低, 相比1998年, 2009年时大学生的人际信任水平下降了1.19个标准差; (2)无论男生还是女生, 人际信任水平在11年间均显著下降, 其变化趋势和人际信任水平本身均不存在性别差异; (3)农村生源大学生的人际信任下降趋势呈边缘显著, 而城市生源大学生的人际信任水平没有明显变化, 但人际信任得分本身不存在生源地差异。     

复杂图形的双眼视差敏感性

该研究用心理物理学实验方法,以能正确分辨图形在深度上起伏周期数的多少作为判据,检测了七名被试的体视性能。实验结果表明,被试者观看复杂图形的视差敏感性是和图形在深度上变化的复杂程度有关。如果以视差作纵坐标,以图形在深度起伏频率为横坐标,则其深度感知的范围是一个区域,该区域的频率变化范围是从０．１周／度到４周／度,当深度变化频率大于４周／度,则无深度感知。七名被试的双眼深度敏感区有个体差异,但其区域的形状是相似的。     

Open Workplace Climate and LGB Employees' Psychological Experiences: The Roles of Self‐Concealment and Self‐Acceptance

This study explores how an environmental factor (i.e., a perceived open climate) shapes lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) employees' job satisfaction and job anxiety through the mediating role of self‐concealment. It also investigates the moderating role of self‐acceptance. Results from 315 LGB employees supported the conclusion that a perceived open climate for minority sexuality increased job satisfaction and decreased job anxiety. The open climate–job anxiety relationship was mediated by self‐concealment, and both stages of this mediation process were moderated by self‐acceptance. These findings offer useful insights for counselors and managers to help LGB individuals improve their workplace psychological experiences.     

The effect of shame on anger at others: awareness of the emotion-causing events matters

Numerous studies have found that shame increases individuals’ anger at others. However, according to recent theories about the social function of shame and anger at others, it is possible that shame controls individuals’ anger at others in specific conditions. We replicated previous findings that shame increased individuals’ anger at others’ unfairness, when others were not aware of the individual’s experience of shameful events. We also found for the first time that shame controlled or even decreased individuals’ anger at others’ unfairness, when others were aware of the individual’s experience of shameful events. The results were consistent when shame was induced by either a recall paradigm or an imagination paradigm, and in either the ultimatum game or the dictator game. This suggests that shame strategically controls individuals’ anger at others to demonstrate that they are willing to benefit others, when facing the risk of social exclusion. Our findings highlight the interpersonal function of shame and deepen the understanding of the relationship between shame and anger at others.     

形状-性别内隐联结及其对消费者形状偏好的影响

本文探讨了形状与性别之间的内隐联结及其对消费者形状偏好的影响。通过4个实验, 作者发现形状与性别之间存在内隐联结, 即圆润的形状与女性更相关, 而有棱角的形状与男性更相关。这一内隐联结被拓展到品牌感知上, 导致品牌的性别形象影响消费者对圆形或棱角形产品的偏好, 而感知匹配度在其中起中介作用。这些研究发现进一步丰富了现有关于形状偏好以及形状象征意义的文献, 并对视觉营销中的形状设计提供了重要的实践指导。     

The impact of bundle comparisons on bundle preference

The bundling literature largely holds that a person's reaction to a given product bundle depends only on the characteristics of the products contained in the bundle. This paper, instead, proposes that people evaluate bundles in reference to other bundles that they have seen. Prior research indicates that people are sensitive to a bundle's “attribute inventory” or the aggregate level of comparable attributes possessed by its constituent products. We show that when people evaluate a bundle, they compare the attribute inventories that it offers to those offered by other bundles that they have seen. The resulting compositional comparisons can occur without changes to the products that comprise the target and contextual bundles, vary by attribute comparability and attentional focus, and coexist with (and at times reverse the effects of) well‐established product‐specific context effects, which are determined solely by the products and their attributes.     

基于多层验证性因素分析的各种信度系数方法

近年来,心理学研究的复现性受到广泛关注,许多实证研究难以重复验证,信度较低。大量研究使用多层技术,但只报告整体信度,导致研究可重复危机。基于各种信度系数和验证性因素分析的理论,以二层模型为例,总结多层信度计算方法,通过文献综述检索应用情况,并用MPLUS进行实例演示,最后讨论单层信度估计存在的偏差及分层估计的好处。总之,对多层数据进行分层信度估计是很有必要的,可消除因测量工具缺乏信度而导致的研究不可重复。     

汉语儿童语素意识对阅读理解的影响:默读流畅性的中介效应

通过对149名小学一年级学生两年的追踪研究,在控制了一般认知能力、语音意识以及所关注变量自回归效应的情况下,探讨默读流畅性在语素意识与阅读理解关系中的作用。结果发现：（1）儿童语素意识、默读流畅性及阅读理解随时间均有显著发展;（2）一年级下学期儿童的默读流畅性在一年级上学期语素意识影响二年级上学期阅读理解过程中的中介作用显著,而二年级上学期的默读流畅性在一年级下学期语素意识影响二年级下学期阅读理解过程中的中介作用不显著。结果表明,在小学低年级阶段,默读流畅性在早期语素意识与之后的阅读理解中发挥跨时间点的中介作用,且该中介效应随儿童认知技能的发展会发生一定的变化。