Structural Social Capital,Household Income and Life Satisfaction: The Evidence from Beijing,Shanghai and Guangdong-Province,China

Although the positive associations between social capital, household income and life satisfaction are well documented, little is known about how income actually shapes the relation between structural social capital and life satisfaction. This study investigates the roles of economic condition in determining the relationships between life satisfaction and three aspects of structural social capital, namely network size, neighborhood interaction and social participation. This study uses a random sample of 6002 adults nested in 2365 families from three regions in China: Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong-province and applies multilevel linear regression models. The results firstly show that household income and structural social capital are positively associated with life satisfaction. Further analyses on the interaction effects find that household income substantively reduces the association between a social network size and life satisfaction but increases the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction. In addition, the differences between families explain about 25 % unexplained variances of life satisfaction.     

Mind–culture interactions: How writing molds mental fluidity in early development

This study investigated intellectual development in 4–7 years old Greek and Chinese children. They were examined on speeded performance, working memory, reasoning, and self-awareness tasks in order to investigate possible effects of learning the Chinese logographic system on possible differences in intellectual development between these ethnic groups. Speeded performance was examined with commonly familiar objects and tasks related to reading (i.e., Latin, Arabic, and Chinese characters). Chinese outperformed Greeks in (1) reading-related processing efficiency tasks but not in common objects (2) spatial but not verbal WM, (3) cognitive, and (4) the self-awareness tasks. Structural equation modeling showed that performance is organized in four systems (i.e., domain-specific problem solving, representational capacity, inference, and consciousness) integrated by g, in both ethnic groups. There were differences between the two ethnicities in the strength of relations between constructs, attributed to Chinese logographic experience. That is, the massive practice in visuo/spatial processing and memory seemed to provide an advantage in the communication between systems of the mind causing increased general cognitive fluidity, expressed in higher intellectual performance among the Chinese.     

An Analysis of Nudity in Chinese Magazine Advertising: Examining Gender, Racial and Brand Differences

This study gives a most recent view of nudity in Chinese magazine advertising. Focusing on gender, racial and brand differences, the authors content analyzed 2,058 models in 19 Chinese consumer magazines from a stratified random sample of four?months in 2009. Results showed that female models were more likely to be shown in different levels of nudity than male models, and Western models were more likely to be shown in different levels of nudity than Chinese models, as predicted. However, regarding brand origin, although Western advertisers portrayed models in higher levels of nudity, Western and Chinese advertisers did not differ in their portrayals when models were examined separately by brand origin. Our study suggests that sexism in advertising is a cross-cultural phenomenon, and Western advertising models are the trend setters of sexual images in Chinese magazine advertising. Chinese advertising is not only a “melting pot” of cultural values, but also a “melting pot” of advertising practices.     

巴曲酶联合甲泼尼龙治疗突发性耳聋疗效分析

分析巴曲酶治疗平坦型突发性耳聋联合应用甲泼尼龙的疗效.巴曲酶+激素组,共38例,平均听阈75.1dB.巴曲酶组,共16例,平均听阈74.7dB.两组治疗前后平均听阈差无统计学差异(t=0.063,P＞0.05).提示联合应用甲泼尼龙(24mg,5天)对巴曲酶治疗平坦型突发性耳聋不能降低患者治疗后听阈.     

公私合营模式在医疗领域中应用的探讨——以镜湖医院在澳门的发展为例

在阐述公私合营模式定义的基础上,以澳门为典型案例介绍了该模式在医疗领域中的具体应用,并从理论上对中国内地实施公私合营的医院管理模式提出相关建议.中国内地在日后推行这种医院管理模式时应特别注意明确私立医疗机构的社会责任和使命、完善相关扶持政策和强化审批与监管制度.     

运动知识与概念知识概率学习下的内隐学习效应

研究采用序列学习范式,用反应时间接测量被试的内隐知识,问卷以及再认成绩直接测量被试的外显知识,并采用PDP测量被试的意识与无意识贡献率.结果表明:(1)无RSI条件下能习得一定的无意识知识,而在有RSI条件下习得的知识大部分能被外显地意识到.(2)当内隐序列学习中既包含运动知识又包含概念知识时,无RSI条件下易获得运动知识;而在有RSI条件下,如果时间充分且能协调注意资源,运动知识和概念知识均能有效学习.     

What a nostril knows: olfactory nerve-evoked AMPA responses increase while NMDA responses decrease at 24-h post-training for lateralized odor preference memory in neonate rat

Increased AMPA signaling is proposed to mediate long-term memory. Rat neonates acquire odor preferences in a single olfactory bulb if one nostril is occluded at training. Memory testing here confirmed that only trained bulbs support increased odor preference at 24 h. Olfactory nerve field potentials were tested at 24 h in slices from trained and untrained bulbs. A larger AMPA component and a smaller NMDA component characterized responses in the bulb receiving odor preference training. Field potential changes were not seen in a bulbar region separate from the lateral odor-encoding area. These results support models in which memory is mediated by increased olfactory nerve-mitral cell AMPA signaling, and memory stability is promoted by decreased NMDA-mediated signaling.     

自我损耗对工作记忆的影响及其克服

实验1考察了自我损耗对工作记忆的影响。40名6年级小学生被随机分配到实验组和控制组,分别完成损耗任务和非损耗任务。结果发现,与控制组相比,实验组被试的工作记忆容量明显降低。实验2考察积极情绪能否克服自我损耗对工作记忆的负面影响。40名6年级小学生参加了实验。在完成损耗任务后,采用自传式回忆的方法诱发实验组的积极情绪。结果发现,诱发被试的积极情绪体验,能够克服自我损耗对于工作记忆的消极影响。     

Supporting Generative Thinking About the Integer Number Line in Elementary Mathematics

This report provides evidence of the influence of a tutorial “communication game” on fifth graders’ generative understanding of the integer number line. Students matched for classroom and pretest score were randomly assigned to a tutorial (n = 19) and control group (n = 19). The tutorial group students played a 13-problem game in which student and tutor each were required to mark the same position on a number line but could not see one another's activities. To resolve discrepant solutions, tutor and student constructed agreements about number line principles and conventions to guide subsequent placements. Pre-/posttest contrasts showed that (a) tutorial students gained more than controls and (b) agreement use predicted gain. Analyses of micro-constructions during play revealed properties of student learning trajectories.     

The Two Facets of Conscientiousness: Interaction of Achievement Orientation and Dependability in Predicting Managerial Execution Effectiveness

The two facets of conscientiousness, achievement orientation and dependability, have frequently been found to relate to performance outcomes in different manners. However, little research has examined the interaction between these two facets. In this article we examine the main effect and interaction of these two facets in predicting managerial execution. Using two separate samples of Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) students (N?=?167 in Study 1 and N?=?269 in Study 2), we found that dependability but not achievement orientation had a direct positive association with coworkers’ rating on managerial execution. More important, there was an interaction effect between these two facets. Dependability was strongly associated with execution among managers with high achievement orientation, but not among managers with low achievement orientation.