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1.
本实验采取加工分离程序(PDP)对38名弱智儿童的外显记忆与内隐记忆进行研究,并与47名正常儿童进行比较,结果认为:(1)正常儿童外显记忆明显优于弱智儿童,但在内隐记忆方面,正常儿童与弱智儿童没有显著差异;(2)本实验中,年龄对内隐记忆和外显记忆均没有影响。研究结果对弱智儿童的教育方面有启示作用;另外,PDP实验由于其本身的复杂性,在对特殊人群进行施测时,需要特别注意。 相似文献
2.
发现幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,以下简称Hp)导致慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡,是沃伦和马歇尔获得2005年诺贝尔医学奖的原因.他们在1982年得出的这一假说,违反了关于这一类慢性病传统的发病机制理念.可能因为这一理念的反传统性,其假说被世界同行基本接受大概经历了20年时间.值得强调的是,对HP的观察、分离、培养、鉴定和人体试验,以及它与疾病相关的诊断、治疗、临床流行病学等研究,应用的都是传统的医学技术.从而表明,即使到了20世纪80年代,传统技术仍能导致诺贝尔奖级科研成果的出现. 相似文献
3.
佛菻国使者在唐代曾7次来到长安,学界一直认为这些使节可能来自拜占庭帝国,或是入华传教的景教僧。但是,唐代社会习惯称景教僧为波斯僧,而不是拂菻僧,大秦景教流行中国碑中还存在着有意回避拂菻一词的线索。此外,《酉阳杂俎》中由拂菻僧记载的拂菻、波斯植物表现出古希腊药典的行文格式。本文分析了7世纪前后拜占庭帝国内部的宗教纷争、阿拉伯帝国崛起后叙利亚的基督教派别面临的情况,以及唐代拂菻贡品的产地,做出如下推测:拂菻僧可能是东迁至中亚的叙利亚迈尔凯特派,他们拥护拜占庭帝国和希腊正教,因此才会自称来自拂菻,即当代的罗马帝国。 相似文献
4.
STROOP效应及其反转：无意识和意识知觉 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
该研究基于Stroop效应确立了意识知觉和无意识知觉间的质的差异,刺激特性(呈现时间)的改变和注意的改变引起了非常类似的行为上的质差模式,二者在决定意识时存在着补偿作用。当色词短暂呈现而被无意识知觉时,被试在对靶颜色进行命名时不能利用色词提供的预期信息,从而反应时出现典型的Stroop效应;而通过增强刺激特性或提高注意水平可以使色词被有意识知觉。从而出现了Stroop效应的反转。 相似文献
5.
6.
顺从是儿童早期重要的社会化成就。传统理论关注父母控制策略对顺从的作用,但实证结果表明其解释率有限;当前理论更加关注积极养育行为在顺从发展中具有发展适宜性的作用机制。本研究采用追踪设计考察了84个家庭从儿童6个月到3岁时母亲的敏感性和鼓励自主两种积极养育行为与学步儿顺从发展的关系。结果表明:(1)1岁前母亲敏感性对学步儿2岁时的合作性顺从有正向预测作用,对2岁到3岁合作性顺从的变化没有预测作用;(2)1岁前母亲敏感性对学步儿2岁时的情境性顺从和2岁到3岁的情境性顺从的变化均有负向预测作用;(3)在2岁到3岁期间,母亲的鼓励自主与学步儿的合作性顺从水平有双向正向预测作用,但与情境性顺从不存在双向预测关系。 相似文献
7.
Amy N. Yates Jacqueline G. Cavazos Géraldine Jeckeln Ying Hu Eilidh Noyes Carina A. Hahn Alice J. O'Toole P. Jonathon Phillips 《Applied cognitive psychology》2024,38(6):e70002
Forensic facial professionals have been shown in previous studies to identify people from frontal face images more accurately than untrained participants when given 30 s per face pair. We tested whether this superiority holds in more challenging conditions. Two groups of forensic facial professionals (examiners, reviewers) and untrained participants were tested in three lab-based tasks: other-race face identification, disguised face identification, and face memory. For other-race face identification, on same-race faces, examiners were superior to controls; on different-race identification, examiners and controls performed comparably. Examiners were superior to controls for impersonation disguise, but not consistently superior for evasion disguise. Examiners' performance on the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT+) was marginally better than reviewers and controls. We conclude that under laboratory-style conditions, professional examiners' identification superiority does not generalize completely to other-race and disguised faces. Future work should administer other-race and disguise face identification tests that allow forensic professionals to follow methods and procedures they typically use in casework. 相似文献
8.
Haochen Xu Guanhua Fang Zhiliang Ying 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2020,73(3):474-505
We propose a latent topic model with a Markov transition for process data, which consists of time-stamped events recorded in a log file. Such data are becoming more widely available in computer-based educational assessment with complex problem-solving items. The proposed model can be viewed as an extension of the hierarchical Bayesian topic model with a hidden Markov structure to accommodate the underlying evolution of an examinee's latent state. Using topic transition probabilities along with response times enables us to capture examinees' learning trajectories, making clustering/classification more efficient. A forward-backward variational expectation-maximization (FB-VEM) algorithm is developed to tackle the challenging computational problem. Useful theoretical properties are established under certain asymptotic regimes. The proposed method is applied to a complex problem-solving item in the 2012 version of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). 相似文献
9.
The transition to parenthood is one of the most stressful intra- and interpersonal adjustment periods for new parents. Bidirectional associations among intergenerational relationships during the transition to parenthood have received limited attention, and the complexity of reciprocal relationships varies in accordance with living arrangements. The objectives of this study were to explore (1) the bidirectional associations between marital relationships and conflicts with in-laws during the transition to parenthood and (2) the moderation of patrilineal coresidence on the aforementioned relationships. A three-wave prospective longitudinal design was adopted for 359 married mothers. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Stryker Adjustment Checklist were used to assess marital relationships and conflicts with parents-in-law. Cross-lagged panel analysis was applied to examine reciprocal relationships, and multigroup analyses were employed to determine whether these relationships exhibited different patterns in accordance with the individuals’ living arrangements. The two cross-lagged models revealed the presence of a bidirectional relationship between marital distress and conflicts with parents-in-law during the mid- to late pregnancy stages. Meanwhile, the multigroup analyses suggested that conflicts with parents-in-law triggered marital distress during pregnancy in the coresidence group, whereas conflicts with fathers-in-law could intensify marital distress during late pregnancy to the postpartum period in the noncoresidence group. These findings shed light on cross-lagged associations with intergenerational conflicts. Healthcare professionals need to ensure that intergenerational relationships are positive during the transition to parenthood. This study enriches our understanding of the effect of patrilineal coresidence and can guide the future development of interventions based on culturally specific multidimensional approaches. 相似文献
10.
ERP evidence for the time course of graphic, phonological, and semantic information in Chinese meaning and pronunciation decisions 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Liu Y Perfetti CA Hart L 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2003,29(6):1231-1247
Two words that varied in their relationship were presented sequentially to Chinese readers who made meaning and pronunciation decisions. In the meaning task, they decided whether the words had the same meaning. In the pronunciation task, they decided whether the words had the same pronunciation. In both tasks, the word pairs represented 1 of 4 relationships: graphically similar, homophonic, semantically related, or unrelated. Event related potentials (ERP) recordings made from the onset of the 2nd word suggested a temporal unfolding of graphic, phonological, and semantic effects. Specifically, graphically-related pairs produced a smaller P200 in the pronunciation task and a smaller N400 in the meaning task. Homophones produced reduced N400 component with bilateral sources in the meaning task. 相似文献