前列腺素E2及其在肾脏调控中的作用

前列腺素E2(PGE2)是最主要的前列腺素化合物,参与几乎所有的细胞代谢活动并介导多种不同的生理病理功能.PGE2的生物学效应是通过与不同的EP受体结合从而激活不同的信号转导通路来实现的.因为各类EP受体在肾脏的高分布,所以近来PGE2在肾脏中的作用日趋引起人们的重视.     

关于身材矮小儿童诊断的思考

儿童期身材矮小是由于多种原因引起的。由于部分身材矮小儿童除矮小外,常无其他明显异常,临床上多不能及时就诊,或虽然因为身材矮小就诊,但由于医生对身材矮小的认识不足,易导致误治或漏诊。因此,提高身材矮小儿童的就诊率,尽快明确病因诊断,合理选择药物,正确选择治疗时机,均给儿科医生的哲学思维提出了很高的要求。因此,作为医生不仅要注意积累自己的专业知识,还要努力提高自己的哲学修养。     

时间隐喻表征研究现状及展望

时间隐喻表征的研究至今仍相当薄弱。本文对时间隐喻表征的研究成果进行了综述,介绍了时间隐喻表征的结构、性质和功能、影响时间隐喻表征形成的因素等方面的研究,并对目前研究的局限性以及今后的研究方向做了进一步的讨论。     

长时记忆中目标信息的即时性通达

采用移动窗口技术和探测词再认技术,探讨文本阅读过程中长时记忆中目标信息的即时性通达。实验1探讨当原目标尚未实现,新目标处于活跃状态,进入长时记忆的未实现的原目标是否对当前阅读产生影响。实验2探讨当原目标已经实现,新目标处于活跃状态,进入长时记忆的已实现的原目标是否对当前阅读产生影响。本实验结果初步证明,在含有目标信息的文本阅读中,未实现的原目标信息和已实现的目标信息都处于活跃状态,一旦出现与原目标焦点有关的信息,就会被通达与当前的信息进行整合,只是已实现的目标信息比未实现的目标信息通达的程度低。     

纳西族驱瘟疫鬼仪式分析

仪式研究是纳西族东巴教中的一个重要领域.东巴教仪式繁多而复杂,总体上可分为三大类:祭神与祭祖、超度、驱鬼.驱瘟疫鬼仪式是驱鬼仪式中较独特的一种,本文在实地调查及采访纳西族祭司--东巴的基础上,对驱瘟疫鬼仪式中的一些要素作初步的文化分析.     

Cultural orientation in Southeast Asian American young adults

The study assessed cultural orientation in a group of 188 Southeast Asian American American-born and early-arriving (by age 5) young adults using the General Ethnicity Questionnaire--Southeast Asian and American versions. The sample included 98 Vietnamese, 45 Cambodian, and 45 Hmong college students in California. As hypothesized and in support of the bidimensional model, overall orientation to ethnic and American cultures were independent of each other, and predicted, respectively, by ethnic and American cultural domains. The three ethnic groups did not vary on level of cultural orientation, but their endorsement of ethnic and American cultures differed across domains. Specifically, they enjoyed American mass media and cultural activities more than ethnic media and activities, and were more fluent in English than their ethnic language. However, they expressed greater ethnic pride and a stronger overall Southeast Asian orientation than American pride and orientation.     

To Weight or Not to Weight? Balancing Influence of Initial Items in Adaptive Testing

It has been widely reported that in computerized adaptive testing some examinees may get much lower scores than they would normally if an alternative paper-and-pencil version were given. The main purpose of this investigation is to quantitatively reveal the cause for the underestimation phenomenon. The logistic models, including the 1PL, 2PL, and 3PL models, are used to demonstrate our assertions. Our analytical derivation shows that, under the maximum information item selection strategy, if an examinee failed a few items at the beginning of the test, easy but more discriminating items are likely to be administered. Such items are ineffective to move the estimate close to the true θ, unless the test is sufficiently long or a variable-length test is used. Our results also indicate that a certain weighting mechanism is necessary to make the algorithm rely less on the items administered at the beginning of the test. This research was partially supported by the NSF Grants SES0241020 and SES0613025. The authors thank the Editor, Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. Send further information to Hua-Hua Chang, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel Street, M/C 716, Champaign, IL 61820.     

5至8岁儿童对近的未来时间的认知

依据时间认知的分段综合模型,两个实验结合空间、参照点、事件和年龄因素,分别考察5至8岁儿童对未来一周和未来一年时间的认知特点。结果表明在这2种时域内：(1)5至7岁儿童有使用直线性空间标尺和固定时间参照点进行判断的特性;(2)5至8岁儿童表现出”两极化”的认知趋势．其判断受事件性质的影响;(3)5至8岁儿童表现出跨时域的认知差异,认知能力随年龄递增,7岁可能是发展的转折阶段。     

强迫症相关的社会人文因素分析

强迫症是一种与许多因素相关的慢性精神障碍,涉及生物、心理、社会三个方面.通过分析强迫症患者社会人文特点,包括人口学因素、家庭环境因素以及生活事件的影响,探讨其中的危险因子和治疗效果的影响因素,希望对强迫症的病因病机有新的认识,对其治疗和预防有指导作用.     

吸烟者内隐态度的ERP研究

采用内隐联想测验的变式——WIAT研究吸烟者对吸烟行为的内隐态度,并用事件相关电位（ERP）技术探讨吸烟者在进行WIAT任务时的脑内时程变化。结果发现,吸烟者对于吸烟行为的内隐态度是消极的。吸烟词语与两类属性词（积极和消极）相联时诱发的ERPs有显著差异,体现在多个ERP成分（P1、N2、N4、LPC）中。结果表明,吸烟者的内隐态度在早期就受情绪的调节和影响;而两个冲突负波的出现表明,在内隐态度的加工过程中可能存在认知评价的过程。晚正成分的差异则表明,当吸烟词语与消极词相联时唤醒度更高、吸烟者的注意有增强趋势。实验结果支持了态度的三元论。