对骨折治疗“优化选择”与“合理选择”的理解和思考

从合理化角度回顾了当前几种重要的骨折治疗理论体系的发展与演变,认为骨折治疗的最优原则是一种理想状态,现实中没有绝对最优只有相对合理。只有建立以患者为中心的思维体系,加强医疗逻辑思维能力,用多维思考的方式寻找矛盾的合理平衡点,始终坚守医学伦理道德底线,才能真正做到为每一位骨折患者进行最合理的治疗。     

中国临床遗传学检测的伦理问题

遗传伦理问题是生命科学领域最具争议的问题之一.针对基因诊断的"知情权"、"优劣"胎儿的选择、基于人群的基因筛查、发病前及患病风险的基因检查、全基因组筛查以及植入前遗传诊断中所涉及的伦理前沿问题进行讨论.提出基因检测是否应该重申把伦理考虑放在第一位.     

肺结核患者的知情同意权

结核病治疗药物一般都有较明显的肝肾损害副作用,而保护肝肾功能的药物又不在肺结核防治政策的免费范围内,费用需患者自付。因防治人员疏于告知抗结核药副作用及费用负担等问题而引发的侵犯患者知情同意权的医疗诉讼屡有发生。旨在立足肺结核患者知情同意权的内容与行使等法律问题基础上探讨实践中维护患者权利的措施。     

前列腺素E2及其在肾脏调控中的作用

前列腺素E2(PGE2)是最主要的前列腺素化合物,参与几乎所有的细胞代谢活动并介导多种不同的生理病理功能.PGE2的生物学效应是通过与不同的EP受体结合从而激活不同的信号转导通路来实现的.因为各类EP受体在肾脏的高分布,所以近来PGE2在肾脏中的作用日趋引起人们的重视.     

Investigating the relationship between item exposure and test overlap: Item sharing and item pooling

To date, exposure control procedures that are designed to control item exposure and test overlap simultaneously are based on the assumption of item sharing between pairs of examinees. However, examinees may obtain test information from more than one examinee in practice. This larger scope of information sharing needs to be taken into account in refining exposure control procedures. To control item exposure and test overlap among a group of examinees larger than two, the relationship between the two indices needs to be identified first. The purpose of this paper is to analytically derive the relationships between item exposure rate and each of the two forms of test overlap, item sharing and item pooling, for fixed‐length computerized adaptive tests. Item sharing is defined as the number of common items shared by all examinees in a group, while item pooling is the number of overlapping items that an examinee has with a group of examinees. The accuracy of the derived relationships was verified using numerical examples. The relationships derived will lay the foundation for future development of procedures to simultaneously control item exposure and item sharing or item pooling among a group of examinees larger than two.     

关于VC-E之间信任的构念维度研究

创业投资家(VC)与创业企业家(E)之间信任已经成为创业研究的热点,但是这一构念的维度尚未得到充分的讨论和研究。本文基于中国VC和E的数据用验证性因子分析和Cronbachα系数验证了信任构念的有效性和可靠性,结果表明:VC-E之间的信任包括谋算性信任、了解性信任和认同性信任三个维度。这一构念符合VC-E之间关系的多维度特点。     

授权风险考量与授权行为：领导－成员交换和集权度的作用

授权能够有效提升员工绩效和组织利益, 但中国企业管理者不授权现象比比皆是。本研究从授权风险的角度探讨管理者不愿授权的原因, 并检验领导－成员交换(LMX)和组织集权度的调节作用。通过17家企业收集到的157位管理者与471位下属的配对资料, HLM分析结果显示：任务绩效、组织利益风险考量与管理者授权行为负相关, 且这种负向关系还受到LMX的强化; 此外, 组织集权度在权力地位、组织利益风险考量与授权行为的负向关系中具有显著的调节作用。     

保荐代表人的执业水平、职业道德与证券市场风险

保荐代表人作为中国股市投资产品的生产者、第一质检人及保荐人,对自己所承诺保荐的产品具有不可推卸的责任,其保荐意见是投资者做出投资决策的依据,对证券市场发展的兴衰形成巨大影响。保荐代表人必须正视自己的执业水平与职业道德的提高,不断适应现代信用市场的需要。     

科学发展观的伦理学解读

坚持以人为本是科学发展观的本质与核心。所谓以人为本 ,就是以最广大人民群众的根本利益为根本。科学发展观的伦理学内涵 ,一是强调以人为本 ,从人民群众的根本利益出发 ,不断满足人民群众的物质生活、精神生活需要 ,同时更要把人民群众作为发展的本源、主体与核心 ,使人民群众积极支持发展、参与发展 ;二是协调好人与自然的关系 ,处理好生态环境中的利益问题 ,使人与自然和谐发展 ;三是经济社会与人的全面发展 ,经济发展与道德进步应当协调一致 ,相互促进。     

The Role of Anticipated Emotions in the Endowment Effect

This research explored the role of anticipated negative feelings in the observed disparity between buying and selling prices for the same endowed object. We assumed that anticipated negative reactions to losses deter people from trading an endowed object and therefore psychological variables that attenuate the emotional response to negative events should further reduce the price disparity between buyers and sellers. In 3 studies, we tested whether factors that either decrease concern about negative feelings (e.g., positive mood, framing of the transaction as involving no action) or increase the anticipated negative reaction to failure to act (e.g., priming errors of omission) further eliminate the disparity between buying and selling prices. These studies provide a novel conceptualization of the endowment bias and, more generally, illustrate the role of anticipated negative feelings in decision making.