差数显著性t检验与元分析的对比研究

利用计算机构造被试总体、模拟实验研究程序进行抽样研究,探讨显著性ｔ检验方法与元分析方法在检验实验结果数据方面的差异。在模拟实验过程中,ｔ验受到显著性水平、样本容量和总体效果大小的影响,因此最终影响了统计推断的可靠性,建议：在进行显著性检验过程中,应对统计检验能力进行估计;元分析方法以样本为元素对总体进行推断,因此具有很高的准确性和可靠性,它将很有可能成为今后心理学研究的重要统计工具。     

Developmental changes in the effects of presentation media on noun-pair learning

Interpretations of previous research have indicated that there are age-related increases in the efficacy of pictorial media, relative to verbal, for presenting paired-associate items and elaborative prompts to young children. The purposes of the present study were to replicate these phenomenon and to evaluate two hypotheses advanced to account for them: a semantic encoding hypothesis and a verbal decoding hypothesis. To these ends, 14 treatments conditions were partioned into three independent-groups experimental designs. Each of 504 childrens, sampled from nursery, kindergarten, and second-grade populations, learned a list of 20 pairs of familiar objects. The expected developmental increase in the effectiveness of presenting items in a pictorial medium was not replicated. As predicted, however, the results revealed an increase with age in the effect of presenting elaborative prompts pictorially, but the phenomenon was confined to groups where the sex of subject and of experimenter was the same. It was concluded that the verbal decoding hypothesis accomodated the pattern of results better than did the semantic encoding hypothesis. Throughout the sudy, performance was substantially facilitated by elaborative prompts, that is, across age, presentation media, and testing conditions.     

Time perspective,optimistic bias,and self-control among different statuses of university smokers in China: a cross-sectional study

Risk behavior often seems ‘self-defeating’ to the observers. Most people understand the basic health-related knowledge, but some of them still choose to continue risk behaviors, especially for the young. This study aimed to examine time perspective, optimism bias and self control correlated with smoking behavior in Chinese college students. A cross-sectional survey enrolling 3016 university students in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China. Influence Factors were identified using multiple logistic regression analyses. Prevalence of current smoking was 20.92% (631 smokers), including 272 daily smokers (9.02%) and 359 non-daily smokers (11.90%). Future-oriented time perspective, general capacity for self-discipline, reliability and ethnicity were protective factors of smoking behavior. Possibility of self-suffering diseases and gender were risk factors of smoking behavior. Smoking in University of Chengdu, China is a severe problem. Results in this research have suggested that irrespective of the smoking level, improving health-related knowledge, time management awareness and self-control ability may contribute to reducing the prevalence of smoking behavior.     

特殊信任视野中的公民法治观念——基于两次延续性调查的研究视角

在人类社会的早期,信任问题就已经被人们所关注,无论是中国的先秦还是西方的古希腊,都有关于信任方面的大量论述。但是,人类早期关于信任的认识只是表面的、零星的,并没有深入细致的探讨。20世纪开始,人们才对信任问题进行了专门化、系统化的研究和论述。信任作为一种重要的社会资本,在与人力资本、金融资本等推动经济发展的同时,更显示出了其重要的政治功能。信任是现代民主制度建立的基础,更是维系政治稳定的粘合剂。自古以来民主和法治形影不离,而信任是否也会对与民主政治紧密相连的公民法治观念产生影响呢?本研究以南京市的实证调查为例,通过多元回归分析等统计分析方法,对特殊信任与公民法治观念之间的关联性进行实证层面的剖析,并对如何提高公民的普遍信任度从而培育公民法治观念进行反思和展望。     

反馈对注意缺损多动障碍儿童错误监控能力的影响

研究选取了注意缺损多动障碍(ADHD)儿童39名,正常儿童40名,采用两项选择任务,考察在无反馈和有反馈的情况下,ADHD儿童的错误监控能力是否存在缺损。结果发现,(1)无论是否提供反馈,与正常儿童相比,ADHD儿童的错误察觉能力正常,但是错误更正能力落后,这可能是由于ADHD儿童动作调节控制能力落后导致的;(2)反馈提高了ADHD儿童和正常儿童的认知加工速度,但同时降低了他们的警醒水平,导致错误监控能力下降。     

急性脑梗塞患者CD_18、CD_54与CD_62p、CD_63表达变化的临床研究

为探讨粘附分子CD18、CD54和血小板CD62、CD63表达变化与急性脑梗塞（ACI）发病之间的关系,本文应用流式细胞仪（FCM）检测了52例ACI患者治疗前后CD18、CD54与CD62p、CD63两者的表达水平,并与30例正常人作对照。结果显示,脑梗塞组治疗前两者的表达水平均明显上调,与正常对照组比较均有显著差异...     

洛铂与顺铂联合培美曲塞一线治疗晚期肺腺癌的临床观察

观察洛铂与顺铂联合培美曲塞治疗晚期肺腺癌的疗效和不良反应。将64例肺腺癌患者分为PL组（培美曲塞＋洛铂）和PC组（培美曲塞＋顺铂）,每2个周期评价疗效,观察不良反应。结果两组疗效无显著差异。PL组恶心、呕吐、腹泻较轻,口腔黏膜炎反应较重。结论两组疗效相当,但洛铂组不良反应较轻,耐受性好。     

从《童溪易传》看王宗传的政治哲学观

王宗传以心解《易》,提出人之“扩然大公”之心是万物存在的价值根基,圣人之心是人之“扩然大公”之心的典范,与天地生物之心具有相同的功能.因此在政治上提倡圣贤执政,而圣贤的执政方式便是以其本心化成天下、教化万民,使万民各遂其性.化成天下意味着一种普遍性,这与现实的有限性存在矛盾,因此必须解决两大问题:一是如何处理南宋与敌对外族的关系:二是如何理解朝代与朝代之间更替的断裂性和化成天下的延续性.从中我们可以看出,王氏理论既包容于整体上的宋代政治哲学,又体现出它的独特性.