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881.
882.
进化心理学和差异心理学是心理学的两个分支。进化心理学认为智力是一种进化的适应。差异心理学中智力是个体差异变量。本文试图整合二者的观点。认为智力既是进化的适应,也是个体差异变量。这将启示进化心理学家去研究更广范围的心理特质,允许智力研究和差异心理学运用进化心理学的理论和概念。本文还介绍了与智力进化相关的热带草原法则和Kanazawa的Savanna—IQ互动假说。 相似文献
883.
Chiu TT Lin CL Young KY Lin CT Hsu SH Yang BS Huang ZR 《Perceptual and motor skills》2011,113(1):339-352
Most research based on Fitts' law define a log-linear relationship between temporal and spatial accuracy in goal-directed aiming tasks using stationary targets. Whether this relationship holds or not when the targets have varying velocities, and how the behavioral strategies and physical activities may change accordingly are of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temporal and spatial accuracy in goal-directed aiming tasks with moving targets. Participants were asked to aim at two target widths using a joystick. Results demonstrated that in a goal-directed aiming task there was a negative effect on performance when target velocity was increased or target width was decreased. Participants moved faster and then made more systematic errors in a high-velocity target condition. Results may be applicable to the complex perceptual-motor behavior of people who perform tasks using computers. 相似文献
884.
Drug-related memories persist long into abstinence and are potent elicitors of drug craving and relapse. We report two experiments examining whether heroin-dependent individuals are impaired in intentionally suppressing drug-related memories. Experiment 1 adopted the Item paradigm where addicts and healthy controls were presented with a list of words each followed by a remember or forget cue. Experiment 2 adopted the List paradigm where they studied one list of items and were then split into a remember group and a forget group. Both groups studied a second list, except that the forget group was told to forget the first list. Compared with controls, addicts showed a reduced directed forgetting effect in the Item method and a total absence of one measure of directed forgetting in the List method (List 2 benefits). Results indicate that heroin addicts are impaired in directed forgetting and that the deficits are likely associated with memory encoding as opposed to retrieval. Possible problems include reduced ability in actively suppressing/stopping encoding of irrelevant information into memory or inability in changing/resetting encoding strategies. In neither experiment did the addicts show any differential directed forgetting effects between drug-related words and neutral words, indicating the generic nature of their intentional forgetting deficits. 相似文献
885.
Chien‐Cheng Chen Yin‐Mei Huang Tun‐Chun Huang I‐Chun Liu 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2011,19(3):287-300
This study examines interview preparations (i.e., social preparation and background preparation) and impression management (IM) tactics (i.e., self‐focused IM and other‐focused IM) as the mechanisms between applicant personality characteristics and interviewer evaluation. Data were collected from both actual job applicants and interviewers. Results show that personality characteristics (i.e., extraversion and conscientiousness) have indirect effects on interviewer evaluation in terms of perceived person–job fit (P–J fit) and interpersonal liking through these two types of applicant behaviors. This study accomplishes two goals: (1) it extends the socioanalytic theory of personality ( Hogan, 1996 ) by testing the intervening roles played by applicants' behaviors that correspond to getting along with and getting ahead of others; and (2) it suggests that these applicant behaviors might be important cues for practical interviewers' effective assessment of applicants' performance‐related characteristics. 相似文献
886.
Chien‐Cheng Chen Yin‐Mei Huang Mei‐I. Lee 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2011,19(4):374-387
Previous research has shown that résumé information (i.e., including both content and aesthetics) influences recruiters' hiring recommendations. This study extends previous research by proposing and testing a model that examines mediating processes underlying the relationship between résumé information and hiring recommendations in real employment interviews for actual job openings. Results from 62 interviewers of 30 firms partially supported our hypotheses and showed that the three types of recruiters' inferences (i.e., including professional knowledge, interpersonal skills, and general mental ability) from applicants' résumé information mediated the effects of résumé information on hiring recommendations. 相似文献
887.
中国的宗教文化尤其是道佛教文化作为一种优质的人文旅游资源,在旅游表述过程中商品化的现象越来越严重。在旅游表述语境下解释分析我国宗教文化的商品化特征,有助于我们今后在旅游发展中本真表述宗教文化,维护宗教文化自觉。一些传承于历史的物化宗教文化事项在市场经济条件下是可以商品化的,而一些承载异质宗教特性的文化元素,作为该宗教地旅游符号标志的文化事项则需本真展示。 相似文献
888.
服务型政府作为一种基于公民本位、崇尚服务理念、追求公共利益的现代政府模式,近年来逐渐成为我国政府改革中的热门话语。服务型政府的建设是一个综合性课题,在委托代理理论、新公共管理、新公共服务和公共治理理论的基石上,为了更好地实现公正与平等、效率与竞争、廉洁与透明、民主与参与等公共价值,建设法治政府、有限政府、责任政府、回应型政府和企业型政府成了必然的路径选择,这亦是实现善治的必然逻辑。 相似文献
889.
For Chinese compounds, neighbors can share either both orthographic forms and meanings, or orthographic forms only. In this study, central presentation and visual half-field (VF) presentation methods were used in conjunction with ERP measures to investigate how readers solve the sublexical semantic ambiguity of the first constituent character in reading a disyllabic compound. The sublexical ambiguity of the first character was manipulated while the orthographic neighborhood sizes of the first and second character (NS1, NS2) were controlled. Subjective rating of number of meanings corresponding to a character was used as an index of sublexical ambiguity. Results showed that low sublexical ambiguity words elicited a more negative N400 than high sublexical ambiguity words when words were centrally presented. Similar patterns were found when words were presented to the left VF. Interestingly, different patterns were observed for pseudowords. With left VF presentation, high sublexical ambiguity psudowords showed a more negative N400 than low sublexical ambiguity pseudowords. In contrast, with right VF presentation, low sublexical ambiguity pseudowords showed a more negative N400 than high sublexical ambiguity pseudowords. These findings indicate that a level of morphological representation between form and meaning needs to be established and refined in Chinese. In addition, hemispheric asymmetries in the use of word information in ambiguity resolution should be taken into account, even at sublexical level. 相似文献
890.
儿童期身材矮小是由于多种原因引起的.由于部分身材矮小儿童除矮小外,常无其他明显异常,临床上多不能及时就诊,或虽然因为身材矮小就诊,但由于医生对身材矮小的认识不足,易导致误治或漏诊.因此,提高身材矮小儿童的就诊率,尽快明确病因诊断,合理选择药物,正确选择治疗时机,均给儿科医生的哲学思维提出了很高的要求.因此,作为医生不仅要注意积累自己的专业知识,还要努力提高自己的哲学修养. 相似文献