宽容:现代政治的伦理内蕴

[编者按]现代多元异质社会自身蕴涵着分化与整合的逻辑,如何整合并使之协调有序地发展已成为一项重要的理论课题.宽容作为一种价值观、文化观,乃至世界观,具有其丰富的内涵与巨大的现实张力.对之进行深刻的学理分析与理论反思,一方面对于甄别不同语境中的宽容思维与宽容理念,超越传统、建构当代宽容观具有深刻的理论意义;另一方面,对于当下中国构建和谐社会具有真切的现实意义.鉴于此,华侨大学五位学者分别从各自不同的角度对"宽容"进行了剖析,表达了他们对宽容的解读,以及他们建构当代宽容观的文化自觉.     

流动人口结核病知识水平的定性调查

为了解农村流动人口结核病及相关知识的需要,在重庆市的渝中区和九龙坡区,进行了12组共73位农村流动人口参加的专题小组讨论。发现他们对结核病及相关知识的了解不够,结核病防治的意识较差。因此,加强健康教育是促进流动人口结核病控制必要的和可行的措施。     

论北宋诗僧道潜

本文简略描述了北宋诗僧道潜与苏轼的交游,指出在长达二十余年的交往中,他们诗文往还,倡和酬答,彼此扶将,甘苦与共,演绎了我国文化史上儒释交流的一段佳话.道潜的诗歌创作以清绝平雅为其主要特色,与储光羲的诗歌有相似之处.同时道潜的许多诗歌表明了对陶渊明的景仰和心仪,他也喜欢作绮语艳词,体现出与文人士夫情趣的趋同性.     

企业伦理的制度化

企业伦理发挥着协调内部员工、企业与利益相关者、企业与社会的重要作用。企业在伦理问题上实现制度化管理,需要通过伦理准则、监督机制、反馈机制等一系列内部制度的建设以及企业外部环境适当的制度补充,使企业的伦理标准得以真正内化到员工个体,从而使每个员工自觉地表现出符合企业伦理道德的行为。     

阈下情绪启动效应和Stroop效应之对比实验研究

采用同一批正常成人被试,在相同的情绪刺激启动下,进行颜色判断和对模糊刺激表情判断,以考察在一定条件下情绪对认知效率和认知偏向的影响差异。结果未见显著的情绪Stroop效应,但发现消极情绪刺激启动使被试对模糊刺激的判断发生显著的情绪一致性偏向。讨论将该结果归因于被试面对颜色判断任务采取直接进入策略而对于模糊刺激则采取启发式策略所致。分析认为对情绪一认知关系进行发展性研究会富有成效,另外也指出在我们注重效率的今天可能忽视隐性环境扭曲我们认知的可能。     

Assessing interactive causal influence

The discovery of conjunctive causes--factors that act in concert to produce or prevent an effect--has been explained by purely covariational theories. Such theories assume that concomitant variations in observable events directly license causal inferences, without postulating the existence of unobservable causal relations. This article discusses problems with these theories, proposes a causal-power theory that overcomes the problems, and reports empirical evidence favoring the new theory. Unlike earlier models, the new theory derives (a). the conditions under which covariation implies conjunctive causation and (b). functions relating observable events to unobservable conjunctive causal strength. This psychological theory, which concerns simple cases involving 2 binary candidate causes and a binary effect, raises questions about normative statistics for testing causal hypotheses regarding categorical data resulting from discrete variables.     

Human pulling strengths in different conditions of exertion

This study tested 29 young Taiwanese men and 31 young Taiwanese women to examine the effects of pulling type (one-handed and two-handed) and height (48 cm, 84 cm, 120 cm, and 156 cm) on maximum horizontal isometric pulling strengths. Analysis showed differences in pulling strength between one-handed and two-handed efforts were surprisingly small for free pulling postures. The pulling strength decreased significantly with pulling height. The highest pulling strength was approximately two to three fold the lowest pulling strength across the four pulling heights. The women's pulling strength was approximately 59% to 67% of men's pulling strength. The test-retest correlations for pulling strength were satisfactory. The correlations between pulling strength and subjects' anthropometry were not sufficiently high to justify the prediction of strength. Most correlations between strengths in any two different pulling conditions were high and significant.     

Age and subjective well-being revisited: a discrepancy perspective

The hypothesis that the age effect on subjective well-being was entirely mediated by goal discrepancies (GDs) was tested with structural equation modeling. Six GDs grouped into 3 broad categories (relationships, health, and others) were differentially related to age. Whereas GD relationships and GD others (e.g., materials) decreased with age, GD health increased with age. GD health had smaller effects on subjective well-being than GDs in relationships and other life domains. Hence, the net effect of all the GDs on well-being was positive. GD variations because of age could completely explain the age trends in life satisfaction and positive affect, and partially the age trend in negative affect.