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221.
Pratt, Adam, and Fischer (2007) investigated the effect of surrounding targets on the time it took to move to an individual target and found that the movement
time to a central target was above the Fitts’s law line related to the first and last targets. They explained their results
in terms of a “visuomotor hypothesis.” Here, an alternative explanation is given in terms of a previously validated model
of the “available target width” that is determined by the size of the target and the width of the finger pad that is being
used to hit the target. 相似文献
222.
Ecological valence theory (EVT; Palmer & Schloss, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107:8877–8882, 2010) proposes that color preferences are due to affective responses to color-associated objects: That is, people generally like
colors to the degree that they like the objects associated with those colors. Palmer and Schloss found that the average valence
of objects associated with a color, when weighted by how well the objects matched the color (weighted affective valence estimates:
WAVE) explained 80% of the variation in preference across colors. Here, we replicated and extended Palmer and Schloss’s investigation
to establish whether color–object associations can account for sex differences in color preference and whether the relationship
between associated objects and color preference is equally strong for males and females. We found some degree of sex specificity
to the WAVEs, but the relationship between WAVE and color preference was significantly stronger for males than for females
(74% shared variance for males, 45% for females). Furthermore, analyses identified a significant inverse relationship between
the number of objects associated with a color and preference for the color. Participants generally liked colors associated
with few objects and disliked colors associated with many objects. For the sample overall and for females alone, this association
was not significantly weaker than the association of the WAVE and preference. The success of the WAVE at capturing color preference
was partly due to the relationship between the number of associated objects and color preference. The findings identify constraints
of EVT in its current form, but they also provide general support for the link between color preference and color–object associations. 相似文献
223.
The objective of the study is to assess views of age related changes in sexual behavior among married Thai adults age 53–57.
Results are viewed in the context of life course theory. In-depth interviews were conducted with 44 Thai adults in Bangkok
and the four regions of Thailand. Topics covered include changing sexual behavior with age, adjustment to this change, gender
differences in behavior, attitudes toward commercial sex and other non-marital sexual partners, and condom use. Most respondents
were aware of this change and saw a decrease in sexual activity and desire more often among women compared to men. At the
same time, many respondents viewed sexuality as important to a marriage. Some respondents accepted the decrease in sexual
activity and focused more on work, family and temple activities. Thai Buddhism was seen as an important resource for people
who were dealing with changes due to aging. Other persons turned to other partners including both commercial and non-commercial
partners. The influence of the HIV epidemic that began in the 1990s was seen in concerns about disease transmission with extramarital
partners and consequent attitudes toward condom use. The acceptability of extramarital partners in the family and community
ranged from acceptance to strong disapproval of extramarital relationships. 相似文献
224.
The recent trend in the feminization of the HIV epidemic poses great risk to women, especially to the wives of men who have
sex with men (MSM). The objective of the present study was to explore wives’ responses to their husbands’ sexual orientation
as well as the factors that influence their sexual health in India. For this research, 15 wives who were aware of their husbands’
sexual orientation and their husbands were interviewed separately using semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups.
The study explored the social and cultural structures that create gender inequality, which put women married to MSM at sexual
health risk. These factors need to be addressed carefully through existing MSM targeted interventions, without breaching the
confidentiality of either partner. 相似文献
225.
Between 1998 and 2006, twenty-seven states amended their constitutions to prohibit same sex marriage. The 2008 elections again
saw three states with ballot measures aimed at banning gay marriage. This study examines the determinants of support for those
measures in California and Florida, and includes a similar measure placed on the primary election ballot in California in
2000. Support is measured as the county-wide vote in favor of each gay marriage ban. A number of hypotheses are explored that
examine the urban/rural nature of each county, as well as the political and demographic characteristics of county residents.
It is suggested that states may be best viewed as relatively independent groupings of diverse subcultures, rather than as
homogenous populations with a single political culture. The findings reported here indicate that a host of demographic, political
and religious differences within each state influence residents’ votes on gay marriage bans. 相似文献
226.
McNicholas F Dooley B McNamara N Lennon R 《European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association》2012,20(5):355-362
This paper considers the impact of pubertal status and pubertal timing on disordered eating in Irish adolescents. 1190 boys and 1841 girls completed the Eating Attitudes Test-26, the Eating Disorder Inventory-III and self-report measures of pubertal status and pubertal timing. Regarding pubertal status, greater maturity in girls was associated with increased overall eating concerns, higher drive for thinness and higher levels of body dissatisfaction. In boys, greater maturity was associated with lower drive for thinness and lower body dissatisfaction. Regarding pubertal timing, early-maturing girls showed the most eating concerns, the highest drive for thinness, scored highest on bulimic symptoms and were the most dissatisfied with their bodies. In contrast, late-maturing boys had more bulimic symptoms and more dissatisfaction with their bodies than on-time peers. The findings suggest that puberty itself is a risk factor for disordered eating for girls rather than boys; however, pubertal timing is a risk factor for both. Copyright ? 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. 相似文献
227.
Polder-Verkiel SE 《Science and engineering ethics》2012,18(1):117-141
In 2008 a young man committed suicide while his webcam was running. 1,500 people apparently watched as the young man lay dying:
when people finally made an effort to call the police, it was too late. This closely resembles the case of Kitty Genovese
in 1964, where 39 neighbours supposedly watched an attacker assault and did not call until it was too late. This paper examines
the role of internet mediation in cases where people may or may not have been good Samaritans and what their responsibilities
were. The method is an intuitive one: intuitions on the various potentially morally relevant differences when it comes to
responsibility between offline and online situations are examined. The number of onlookers, their physical nearness and their
anonymity have no moral relevance when it comes to holding them responsible. Their perceived reality of the situation and
ability to act do have an effect on whether we can hold people responsible, but this doesn’t seem to be unique to internet
mediation. However the way in which those factors are intrinsically connected to internet mediation does seem to have a diminishing
effect on responsibility in online situations. 相似文献
228.
229.
Perceptions of coronary heart disease (CHD) influence individual health behavior, which is central to preventing the disease. Not enough is known about the demographic differences in perceptions of CHD among Chinese communities. This study examined these differences in the perceived seriousness and risk of CHD among Hong Kong Chinese. A self-developed questionnaire was administered to a convenient sample (n = 236). Significant differences were identified in the perceived seriousness and risk of CHD between younger and older age groups (p < 0.001) and groups with lower and higher education levels (p < 0.001), but not between genders (p > 0.05). Over 50% of participants expressed greater concern about infectious disease than about CHD, while two-thirds to over half of female, older, and less educated participants were more concerned about stroke. This study highlighted populations with lower levels of CHD perception that need increased public education. The findings have implications for the societal readiness to establishing ongoing public healthcare strategies to increase awareness of CHD. 相似文献
230.
Fiona Woollard 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2012,15(5):677-690
Our pollution of the environment seems set to lead to widespread problems in the future, including disease, scarcity of resources, and bloody conflicts. It is natural to think that we are required to stop polluting because polluting harms the future individuals who will be faced with these problems. This natural thought faces Derek Parfit’s famous Non-Identity Problem (1984, pp. 361–364). The people who live on the polluted earth would not have existed if we had not polluted. Our polluting behaviour does not make these individuals worse off. It may therefore seem that we do not harm them by polluting. Parfit argues that we should replace person-affecting principles with an impersonal principle of beneficence, Principle Q (1984, p. 360.). I argue that Principle Q cannot give an adequate account of our duties to refrain from polluting. I consider attempts to solve the Non-Identity Problem by denying that to harm someone an agent must make them worse off. I argue that such responses provide a partial solution to the Non-Identity Problem. They do show that we harm future individuals in a morally relevant sense by polluting. Nonetheless, this is only a partial solution. The Non-Identity Problem still suggests that our harm-based reasons not to pollute are less strong than we intuitively believe. Thus on its own an appeal to the claim that we harm future individuals is not able to give a fully satisfactory account of why we are required not to pollute. 相似文献