当代都市女性择偶心理的调查研究

本研究以问卷凋查和描述统计的方法,对当代都市女性的择偶心理进行了分析和探讨。从不同女性对择偶标准的排序中．显示出当代都市女性在择偶心理上的共同倾向．以及出现的某种变化。     

材料的呈现方式对大学生分类活动影响的研究

以60名视力、智力均正常的大学生为被试,采用维度特征互不相同的三套图片材料和三种材料呈现方式,以被试分类的结果和解释的理由为依据,用一维特征分类、整体相似性分类、两阶段策略分类和其他分类等作为因变量指标,采用不完全被试内设计进行实验。用SPSS 8．0 for windows对实验结果进行处理。结果：在A方式下,被试倾向于按材料的一维特征分类;在B方式下,被试倾向于按材料的整体相似性分类;在C方式下,被试倾向于按两阶段策略分类。     

从自组织看心理咨询

阐述了心理系统的自组织性,并从自组织的角度论述了心理问题的产生和解决.从根本上来说都是心理系统自组织的结果.心理咨询的作用仅在于提供一个能让患者心理产生良性自组织循环的环境,而且具有间接性、隐蔽性的特点.依据自组织理论树立对心理咨询过程、地位及作用的正确认识具有重要的现实意义.     

教学技能:医学院校青年教师专业化发展的基点

教师专业化是现代高等教育发展的自然结果.构成教师专业化发展的基础是教师所拥有的、极具"个人"特性的教学技能.因此,围绕高校教师专业化发展的必然趋势分析教师(特别是医学院校教师)的专业教学技能,对于提高青年教师的素质,促进青年教师的成长显得尤为重要.     

客体特征统计属性表征机制的特异性

通过两个实验就视觉系统能否像计算平均数那样高效地计算其他统计量的问题进行了探讨。实验—保持—组圆的平均大小不变而改变众数,考察平均数估计是否受众数变化的影响;实验二采用与实验一相同的刺激,直接考察被试估计众数的绩效。结果发现：（1）对平均数的估计不受总体众数变化的影响;（2）对众数的估计往往不如对平均数的估计准确,估计值受平均数变化的影响;（3）在估计众数的任务中,被试成绩受总体极大值的影响。上述结果表明,视觉系统不存在针对众数的自动化加工机制。根据本实验的结果可以进一步推测,视觉系统并非对所有统计量都可做高效加工,而可能存在针对平均数的特异加工机制。     

Preserved visual representations despite change blindness in infants

Combining theoretical hypotheses of infant cognition and adult perception, we present evidence that infants can maintain visual representations despite their failure to detect a change. Infants under 12 months typically fail to notice a change to an object's height in a covering event. The present experiments demonstrated that 11‐month‐old infants can nevertheless maintain a viable representation of both the pre‐ and post‐change heights despite their ‘change blindness’. These results suggest that infants, like adults, can simultaneously maintain multiple representations, even if they do not optimally use them.     

基层警务人员职业耗竭源的初步研究

职业耗竭是一种直接与工作相连的身心疾病,导致其产生的原因即职业耗竭源来自于多方面.研究人员从工作自身、家庭、社会、个体四个维度编制职业耗竭问卷.通过开放式问卷凋查并参照国外职业耗竭成型问卷搜集相关项目,编制成问卷蓝本,以江苏省内基层警务人员为被试进行试测.通过对测试数据分析探索出导致职业耗竭的8个主要因素,同时信效度检验结果表明该问卷具备一定的信度和效度.通过问卷调查反应出目前基层警务人员职业耗竭的原因和现状.     

Classroom discourse analysis and educational outcomes in the era of education reform

Background In the era of education reform when new teaching approaches are being advocated, it is important to investigate how different classroom discourse patterns are related to different educational outcomes. Aim The purpose of the study was to analyse the whole classroom discourse of two teacher interns' writing classes. It was conducted against a background of education reform in which teachers were being encouraged to make major changes in their teaching approaches. We investigated what approaches were adopted and what discourse patterns were related to better educational outcomes. Sample The participants were two teacher interns and their 61 students in Hong Kong. The students (35 boys, 26 girls) were seventh graders from two classes in the same secondary school. Method An instruction unit of each teacher intern on expository writing (120 min) was video‐recorded and analysed. Discourse analysis of the whole classroom interaction was supplemented by the students' perceptions and independent observers' evaluations of the instruction. Results The results indicated that both teacher interns adopted a traditional direct instruction although student‐centred approaches were being recommended in the education reform. The effectiveness of the instruction was associated with certain features of the classroom discourse patterns. Better educational outcomes were associated positively with utterances of high cognitive demand but negatively with utterances related to discipline. Students tended to have better performances in writing when they and the independent observers perceived that the teachers used more motivating strategies. Conclusions The effectiveness of instruction is a complicated phenomenon that involves a myriad of interrelated factors. Teacher‐ or student‐centred approaches are only part of these diverse factors.     

心理学与宗教信仰小议

心理学与宗教信仰在现实社会中的作用，有一部分是相互重叠的。当人类本身、或与周围环境出现矛盾时，在矛盾被解决这个过程中，心理学与宗教信仰起的作用是相当的。但二者解决问题的整个过程的本质是完全不同的。（这里的解决不是现实意义上的解决问题，而是心理上的解决，其实心理上的解决对于一个人来说，才是真正意义上的解决和释放）现在把二者拿来在这个解决心理矛盾的过程中进行比较，相信是很值得探讨的。     

中国道教协会积极组织道教界为冰雪灾区献爱心

今年1月中旬以来,罕见的大范围、长时间的低温、雨雪冰冻极端天气,给我国南方部分地区造成严重灾害,给受灾地区的生产生活秩序带来严重影响.面对突如其来的灾情,党中央、国务院高度重视,总书记、总理与中央其他领导同志亲赴灾区,指导当地的抗灾救灾工件,极大地鼓舞了人们战胜困难的决心和信心.