Establishing Arbitrarily Applicable Relations of Same and Opposite with the Relational Completion Procedure: Selection-Based Feedback

The Psychological Record - Research suggests that the relational completion procedure (RCP) is effective for studying derived relations of same and opposite. Previously, procedural parameters, such...     

A conservation of resources perspective on career hurdles and salary attainment

Guided by conservation of resources theory, the present study examines six types of hurdles individuals face in their careers and how those hurdles impede the attainment of higher salaries. With a meta-analysis of 339 empirical studies conducted over the past 50 years, we observed that socio-demographic hurdles (e.g., being non-Caucasian), trait-related hurdles (e.g., low cognitive ability), motivational hurdles (e.g., being unwilling to relocate), skill-related hurdles (e.g., low levels of formal education), social environment hurdles (e.g., no mentors), and work environment hurdles (e.g., jobs with low control) all made it more difficult to command high salaries.     

Elastic modelling of periodic composites with particle interactions

The mechanical properties of periodic composites containing identical spherical particles are investigated using the principles of micromechanics and homogenization procedures. The averaged strain and stress fields are derived in terms of an eight-particle interaction. The effective elasticity with the cubic symmetry tensor is explicitly obtained. If the interaction term is dropped, then one recovers the conventional Mori–Tanaka model. With further approximations, the dilute model and the self-consistent model can also be obtained within the proposed framework. It is observed that the particle interactions make no contribution to the effective bulk modulus, a result that is consistent with other models and experiments for composites with cubic lattices.     

Perceived competence, social anxiety about physique, and enjoyment in testing situations among groups of mixed sex and girls only.

The purpose of the present study was to assess whether there are differences in agility and coordination performance, anxiety about physique, perceived competence, and enjoyment between girls (n = 56) performing within mixed-sex versus all-female high school classes in physical education. A series of between-group comparisons yielded no significant differences between groups on measures of performance, perceived competence, and anxiety about physique; however, the mixed-sex group reported significantly greater enjoyment on both psychomotor tests than the all-female group (ps < or = .05). Results are discussed within other contexts such as sport motivation and Weiss and Chaumeton's (1992) theory of youth sport development.     

两人问题解决中惯例的测量及其微观发生过程

惯例是一种群体的程序化行为,类似于思维定势,其实验测量最早源于 Cohen 与 Bacdayan (1994)发明的TTT扑克牌游戏。研究选取35对两人组被试,在问题解决的框架下采用微观发生法的思路重新设计实验任务,探讨了两人问题解决中惯例的表现,并在此基础上探讨了惯例从无到有的产生过程。结果表明：(1)修改后的40局TTT扑克牌游戏中存在明显的惯例现象,这可以从可靠性、速度、重复的行动序列、基于特定策略的行为模式和偶尔的次优性5个指标进行验证和描述。(2)惯例的产生是在行为掌握基础上,不断进行表征重述的结果。这一过程体现了惯例的产生是程序性知识转向陈述性知识、无意识转向有意识、稳定性与可变性的统一。     

江户初期大众医学读物对中医学的吸收与传播——以日本医籍《袖珍医便》为中心

《袖珍医便》是日本医家芦川桂洲编撰于江户初期的大众医学书籍,撷取中医经典名方,内容简单实用,是中医学在日本大众化的产物。分析该书的学术特点和传播特征,可为当今中医药国际化提供一定的借鉴。通过研究发现,该书在内容上受后世派影响显著,吸收了部分中国传统儒家医学伦理思想,淡化抽象理论突出实用方剂。在传播特色上,吸取了最新的明代医学成果,将药材生产、风土饮食、医疗需求上与本土实际情况相融合,语言表达简洁易懂,方剂选取精炼,从而促进了江户时期中医学在日本大众中的传播。