同伴友谊质量与留守儿童社会适应性的关系：有调节的中介模型

以生态系统理论为主要理论基础,对1440名农村留守儿童进行调查研究,建立农村留守儿童社会适应性的影响因素结构模型。研究发现,师生关系、友谊质量和自我意识直接影响社会适应性;亲子沟通、社会支持分别通过影响师生关系、友谊质量和自我意识而间接地影响社会适应性。应格外重视留守儿童的友谊质量及自我意识,同时加强亲子沟通,完善社会支持系统,形成学校、家庭、社会教育合力,切实提高农村留守儿童社会适应性。     

Inhibition of endogenous carbon monoxide production induces transient retention losses in the day-old chick when trained using a single trial passive avoidance learning task

Carbon monoxide (CO) is most often thought of as an exogenous toxin rather than as a possible endogenous nootrope. However, a limited number of studies have suggested that CO is necessary in memory processing for at least some tasks. While nitric oxide (NO) and CO are known activators of guanylyl cyclase (GC), only the effect of NO on GC has been extensively investigated as a mechanism underlying memory processing. The aim of the present study was to determine if inhibition of CO production would have an effect on memory processing. Using chicks trained on a single trial passive avoidance task, inhibition of CO production using zinc (II) deuteroporphyrin IX 2,4-bis ethylene glycol (ZnBG; 5 microM) resulted in two transient retention losses occurring at around 40 and 130 min post-training. The timing of these transient retention losses was similar to those observed following inhibition of GC, using the same species and task in a previous study. This supports the notion that CO is necessary in memory processing for this task and may act through a GC-dependent mechanism. As ZnBG also directly inhibits GC or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) at high concentrations, a second experiment was carried-out to confirm the specificity of ZnBG for heme oxygenase (HO) at the concentration used. The action of ZnBG was challenged with the HO agonist hemin (100 microM) and the transient deficits were abolished. This confirmed that the action of ZnBG on memory was through a CO-related mechanism rather than directly on GC or NOS. In this way the specificity of ZnBG (5 microM) for HO could be confirmed. The results support a role for endogenous CO in memory processing, possibly through activation of GC. In addition, the transient retention losses observed following administration of ZnBG suggest that CO may be necessary for memory retrieval and not formation as previously thought.     

A room with a view and a polarizing cue: individual differences in the stimulus control of place navigation and passive latent learning in the water maze

We investigated individual differences in the stimulus control of navigational behavior in the water maze by comparing measures of place learning in one environment to measures of latent learning (via passive placement on the goal platform) in a novel environment. In the first experiment, 12 rats were trained to find a slightly submerged hidden platform at a fixed location in room A for 10 days (4 trials/day). Fast and slow place learners were identified by their mean escape latency and cumulative distance to the goal during acquisition. The same animals were then given a 2-min passive placement on the submerged platform in room B. Latent learning was assessed by the animal's escape latency on a single swim trial immediately following the placement in room B. The results showed that the good latent learners in room B were not necessarily the fast place learners in room A. This weak correlation may be related to the fact that some rats swam near the area in room B that corresponded to the former goal location in room A relative to a common polarizing cue (i.e., the door/entrance to both rooms). When the view of the door was blocked in a second experiment a significant positive correlation between place acquisition and the latent learning test was obtained, although escape performance following passive placement was not improved. These findings suggest that while place navigation and latent learning via passive placement may involve some common cognitive-spatial function, other associative (S-S and/or S-R) processes that occur during place navigation/active movement may be required for animals to exhibit truly accurate navigational behavior characteristic of asymptotic escape performance in the water maze. Additional implications for neurobiological studies using a procedural pretraining design are discussed.     

大学生互联网使用动机模式研究

基于“互联网态度调查表 (IAS)” ,采用两组大学生被试 ,分别进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析 ,探讨了大学生互联网使用动机的模式 ,编制了“大学生互联网使用动机量表”(IUMS CS)。结果发现 :(1 )大学生互联网使用动机由“信息获取性动机”和“人际情感性动机”构成。基于IAS形成的大学生互联网使用动机量表具有较理想的项目区分度、内部一致性信度、构想效度和效标效度。 (2 )大学生互联网使用动机与上网次数的关系不密切 ,但与上网时间有一定关联。 (3 )“人际情感性动机”可作为病理性互联网使用行为模式的有效预测指标     

囊虫病诊断技术的发展与临床应用

囊虫病是一种由猪囊尾蚴寄生于人体组织内主要引起脑、眼等重要器官或组织损害的常见寄生虫病.目前时其诊断的实验技术研究已发展到高层水平,但被临床应用的并不多.本文从多个方面较全面地分析和回答了出现此现象的原因,并提出了拟解决临床问题的见解与探索思路.     

Idiosyncratic deals and organizational commitment

This article examines the relationship between idiosyncratic deals and organizational commitment. In particular, it examines how two individual differences which reflect self-worth (core self-evaluations and age) moderate that relationship. We predicted that employees with feelings of high self-worth will expect and will feel entitled to these deals, but employees with feelings of low self-worth will feel particularly obligated to reciprocate positively for special treatment. Data were collected from 375 managers at two points in time. As predicted, the relationship between idiosyncratic deals and affective organizational commitment was stronger for those managers who had low core self-evaluations. While the two-way interaction effect between idiosyncratic deals and age was not significant, we did find modest evidence for a three-way interaction effect. As predicted, the strongest relationship between idiosyncratic deals and organizational commitment occurred for older workers who had low core self-evaluations.     

当代大学生就业的不良心理状态

本文对当前我国大学生在就业问题上存在的不良心理状态进行了分析,并就如何帮助他们纠正认识,调整心态,正确择业,提出了一些有益的建议。     

Happiness and Stock-Market Participation: Empirical Evidence from China

Using the data from the China Household Finance Survey in 2011, we study the relation between happiness and stockholding. We find that a household’s propensity of investing in stocks or mutual funds, as well as household asset shares invested in stocks or mutual funds, is strongly associated with happiness. Moreover, empirical results suggest that among the three potential channels we propose, the association between happiness and stockholding is driven by trust (or social capital), rather than households’ risk preference or optimism level.     

Depression in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

There is substantial uncertainty regarding the prevalence of depression in Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). We conducted a systematic review aiming to evaluate the association of pSS with depression. PubMed, Web of Science, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched to find the published literatures (from these databases established to October 2016). Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the qualities of included studies were evaluated. The data was analyzed using Revman5.2 software. A total of 12 studies including 1917 patients were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, Severity of depression was assessed using psychometric measures, such as PHQ-9; HADS; CES-D; Zung depression scale and BDI. The result revealed that pSS was associated with an increased prevalence of depression (summary odds ratio (OR) = 5.36, 95% CI: 4.05–7.09, P < 0.01). The depression score in pSS patients (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.47, 95% CI: 0.81–2.12, P < 0.01) were higher than in the control group. Depression is highly prevalent in pSS than in healthy controls. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are therefore essential to reduce the negative impact of depression on the patient’s quality of life and outcome of their disease.