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Brain imaging studies suggest that truth telling constitutes the default of the human brain and that lying involves intentional suppression of the predominant truth response. By manipulating the truth proportion in the Sheffield lie test, we investigated whether the dominance of the truth response is malleable. Results showed that frequent truth telling made lying more difficult, and that frequent lying made lying easier. These results implicate that (1) the accuracy of lie detection tests may be improved by increasing the dominance of the truth response and that (2) habitual lying makes the lie response more dominant. 相似文献
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245.
Stewart James Henry McCann 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(4):547-560
Relations between the emotional health domain of the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index and the Big Five personality factors
were determined at the American state level. State emotional health scores were based on the aggregated results of 353,039
phone interviews conducted throughout 2008 with a representative sample of US adults (Gallup 2009a). State z scores (Rentfrow et al. in Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 339–386, 2008) on neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were based on 619,397 nationally representative
respondents to an internet survey between 1999 and 2005. State socioeconomic status (SES), urban percent, and white percent
based on 2000 and 2005 data served as demographic controls. Alaska and Hawaii were excluded. When the controls entered a hierarchical
multiple regression equation as a block and were followed by the Big Five selected stepwise, the controls accounted for 27.5%
of the emotional health variance and neuroticism accounted for another 35.3%. With stepwise selection of controls and then
Big Five variables, SES entered first (24.1%) and neuroticism entered second (32.4%). With stepwise selection from the combined
control and Big Five pool, neuroticism entered first (47.5%), SES entered second (9.1%), and urban percent entered third (4.9%).
Clearly, neuroticism and SES are the key contributors to emotional health variance and neuroticism makes the largest contribution.
States with higher proportions of neurotic individuals and lower SES tended to have populations with poorer emotional health.
Theoretical foundations for the link between neuroticism and emotional health at the state level and implications for changes
in state emotional health are discussed. 相似文献
246.
Rhodes R Azzouni J Baumrin SB Benkov K Blaser MJ Brenner B Dauben JW Earle WJ Frank L Gligorov N Goldfarb J Hirschhorn K Hirschhorn R Holzman I Indyk D Jabs EW Lackey DP Moros DA Philpott S Rhodes ME Richardson LD Sacks HS Schwab A Sperling R Trusko B Zweig A 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2011,11(11):1-7
247.
Hongjun Yin Swu-Jane Lin Sheldon X. Kong Kenza Benzeroual Stephanie Y. Crawford Donald Hedeker Bruce L. Lambert Naoko Muramatsu 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(1):1-19
Self-rated general health has been used widely in health surveys as a single-item measurement of health-rated quality of life.
Heterogeneity in self-evaluation of health has been well documented, yet the causes of this heterogeneity are poorly understood.
This study evaluated the moderating effects of age, aging, gender, race, education and income on the relationship between
physical functioning and self-rated general health using social comparison theory as a guiding framework. A longitudinal mixed-effects
regression model was used to analyze a cohort enrolled into the Health and Retirement Study in 1993 that was interviewed at
baseline and during four subsequent waves. The results revealed that the association between physical functioning and self-rated
general health is weaker among subgroups that tend to have lower health status; i.e., older individuals, non-Caucasians and
less educated individuals. These findings suggest the usefulness of social comparison theory in explaining self-rated general
health and provide the basis for future research. 相似文献
248.
There is a pressing need to address prejudice, racism, and discrimination against marginalised groups in Australia. This involves change from the structural to the individual level. In this article, we discuss the merits of individual anti‐prejudice mechanisms within the Australian context. First, we expand on nine mechanisms described in a previous paper and then review five new mechanisms. We conclude that while some mechanisms are likely to be useful regardless of location, others need to be tailored to the local context. We also conclude that effective interventions need to utilise multiple mechanisms. It is hoped that the synthesis of the different mechanisms provided here will assist anti‐prejudice researchers, practitioners, and policymakers striving to improve relations among different groups in our society. 相似文献
249.
Jacobs RH Pine DS Schoeny ME Henry DB Gollan JK Moy G Cook EH Wakschlag LS 《Behaviour research and therapy》2011,(1):80-84
Variations in the serotonin transporter gene (5HTTLPR) and biased processing of face-emotion displays both have been implicated in the transmission of depression risk, but little is known about developmental influences on these relationships. Within a community sample of adolescents, we examine whether 5HTTLPR genotype moderates the link between maternal depressive history and errors in face-emotion labeling. When controlling for current levels of depression and anxiety among youth, a two-way interaction between maternal depressive history and 5HTTLPR genotype was detected. Specifically, adolescents whose mothers reported a depressive history and who had a low expressing genotype made more errors in classifying emotional faces when compared with adolescents with an intermediate or high expressing genotype, with or without maternal depression history. These findings highlight the complex manner in which maternal depression and genetic risk may interact to predict individual differences in social information processing. 相似文献
250.
Jaclyn M. Jensen Donald E. Conlon Stephen E. Humphrey Henry Moon 《Journal of applied social psychology》2011,41(2):401-428
Numerous studies have demonstrated that decision makers will allocate additional resources to failing projects if those projects are close to completion, as opposed to far from completion. The present work considers whether high project completion leads to other effects; namely, decision‐maker willingness to conceal negative information about a project. Three studies (1 at the group level, 2 at the individual level; 1 using qualitative data, 2 using quantitative data) established a link between project completion, incremental investment behavior, and the tendency to conceal negative information. 相似文献