阅读中疲劳、心理负荷因素对瞳孔大小的调节作用

以大学生为被试,探讨文本阅读过程中,疲劳和心理负荷因素对瞳孔大小的调节作用。实验一主要检验文本阅读中的疲劳效应;实验二分析不同文本加工水平者的瞳孔变化差异,以探讨疲劳和心理加工对瞳孔变化的作用。结果表明：在文本阅读中,疲劳会使瞳孔缩小,心理负荷增大会使瞳孔放大,一定的心理负荷可以起到维持瞳孔大小不变的作用;疲劳和心理负荷因素对瞳孔大小的调节存在颉颃效应。     

时间知觉的注意调节：一项ERP研究

采用双任务实验范式探讨时间知觉注意调节的动态过程。通过指导语使被试按照比例将注意分配到声音刺激的时间属性与音调属性上,形成对时间因素不同注意程度的五种注意条件,同时记录反应时、错误率和事件相关电位数据。对峰值分析发现,P2注意条件主效应不显著,但多重比较时T（只注意时间）与P（只注意音调）条件差异显著;对CNV平均波幅分析,发现注意条件主效应显著,随着分配在时间属性上的注意的减少,其波幅逐渐降低;对T与P条件的差异波地形图分析发现,波幅最大的区域位于额叶、中央区和顶叶;该差异波的偶极子定位于辅助运动区（额上回、额中回）和顶下小叶。以上结果表明,P2阶段存在时间信息加工;CNV反映时间知觉的注意调节,时间知觉中存在控制加工应该以CNV的出现为指标;辅助运动区可能为时间知觉的核心成分,具有跨通道效应;顶下小叶也与对时间的注意有关,但并不是特异性的。本研究不支持Lewis提出的 “自动”与“认知控制”计时系统理论中 “秒”为两系统分界点以及辅助运动区只属于“自动计时系统”的观点     

白玉蟾在西山的活动及其对净明道的影响

白玉蟾是金丹派南宗第五祖,乃道教史上的著名人物,有关其生平事迹、思想学说,学术界已多有讨论,笔者亦尝细论之①。然而,包括笔者在内的学界诸家以往在谈论白玉蟾时,皆未曾关注他在净明道兴起地———江西西山的活动,并忽视了其对净明道的影响。下面,试就白玉蟾在西山的活动及其对净明道的影响作一介绍,以补人们认识之罅漏。白玉蟾一生云游天下,据其《云游歌》言,他的足迹曾广达“江之东西湖南北,浙之左右接西蜀,广闽淮海数万里”,到过的地方有武夷山、龙虎山、阁皂山、天台山、罗浮山、青城山、霍童山、北邙山等等。其中,亦包括净明道的兴…     

神经网络模型对内隐学习的探索

近几年来,研究者们借助人工神经网络模型的方法对内隐学习研究中突出的争论性问题进行了新的探索。针对内隐学习的无意识问题,模拟研究发现确实存在一种无意识的内隐学习,然而这种无意识加工的发生与否要取决于规则的难易程度;针对内隐学习的抽象性问题,人工神经网络模型所主张的分布式概率表征能较好地加以解释。可见,神经网络模型的原理和模拟研究可能为真正地解决内隐学习的无意识性和抽象性等目前争论较多的领域提供一个全新的视角和研究方向。     

It's alive! animate motion captures visual attention

Across humans' evolutionary history, detecting animate entities in the visual field (such as prey and predators) has been critical for survival. One of the defining features of animals is their motion-self-propelled and self-directed. Does such animate motion capture visual attention? To answer this question, we compared the time to detect targets involving objects that were moving predictably as a result of collisions (inanimate motion) with the time to detect targets involving objects that were moving unpredictably, having been in no such collisions (animate motion). Across six experiments, we consistently found that targets involving objects that underwent animate motion were responded to more quickly than targets involving objects that underwent inanimate motion. Moreover, these speeded responses appeared to be due to the perceived animacy of the objects, rather than due to their uniqueness in the display or involvement of a top-down strategy. We conclude that animate motion does indeed capture visual attention.     

人力资本对流动人口就业收入的影响——北京微观数据的考察

作为影响就业收入的重要因素,人力资本对流动人口的工资和收入的影响一直以来备受关注,但是对人力资本的衡量以及人力资本各部分对就业收入的影响程度仍存在较大争论.本文利用2006年北京市1‰流动人口抽样调查数据,运用改进的明瑟收入模型,以北京市为例分别从教育、健康、培训、迁移四个方面考察人力资本对流动人口就业收入的影响程度以及作用机制,结果表明流动人口的人力资本提升对就业收入具有重要影响,其中教育贡献最为显著,接受培训达到两次以上有正向显著影响,而流动时间过短或过长都不利于收入提高.     

新西兰华人移民基督徒宗教应对的心理测量特性

本研究评估简版宗教应对(Religious Coping)量表(Brief-RCOPE,B-RCOPE)汉化版在151名新西兰华人移民基督徒中的信度与效度。探索性因子分析提取积极宗教应对(PRC)、消极宗教应对(NRC)两个因子,PRC、NRC及整体Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.859、0.746以及0.757;第7个、第13个项目因子载荷偏低;PRC与心理韧性显著正相关,NRC与生活满意度显著负相关,问卷实证效度较好。汉化B-RCOPE适用于华人基督徒群体。条目7和13需要更大样本做进一步研究。     

“Decoding MH”—A de-stigmatization campaign in the Hong Kong Police Force

Police officers are under high level of stress given the intense and emergent work nature. If left untreated, their mental wellbeing would be at risk and work performance compromised. However, mental health stigma is common among police officers and is perpetuated by factors like police cultures emphasizing toughness and self-reliance. In view of this, since 2016, the Hong Kong Police Force had launched a holistic campaign for Force members which was the first among law enforcement organizations in Hong Kong, aiming to reduce stigma, by enhancing mental health knowledge and decreasing negative attitudes and behaviors towards mental health issues. The programme incorporated standardised trainings of the Mental Health First Aid course with examples modified to the local police context, and psychoeducation via the use of digital medium and sharing by public figures. Positive feedback was received. It was foreseen that the campaign effects would increase Force members' awareness of their mental health, encourage help-seeking and facilitate officers' decision making when encountering crises in the community.