Backward-walking biological motion orients attention to moving away instead of moving toward

Walking direction is an important attribute of biological motion because it carries key information, such as the specific intention of the walker. Although it is known that spatial attention is guided by walking direction, it remains unclear whether this attentional shift is reflexive (i.e., constantly shifts to the walking direction) or not. A richer interpretation of this effect is that attention is guided to seek the information that is necessary to understand the motion. To investigate this issue, we examined how backward-walking biological motion orients attention because the intention of walking backward is usually to avoid something that walking forward would encounter. The results showed that attention was oriented to the walking-away direction of biological motion instead of the walking-toward direction (Experiment 1), and this effect was not due to the gaze direction of biological motion (Experiment 2). Our findings suggest that the attentional shift triggered by walking direction is not reflexive, thus providing support for the rich interpretation of these attentional effects.     

The influence of an online auction's product price and e-retailer reputation on consumers' perception, attitude, and behavioral intention

Online auctions combine the conventional auction model with information technology. However, information asymmetry within such auctions causes risks and uncertainties that influence consumer purchase intentions. In this study, a 2 (product price: high vs. low) × 2 (e-retailer reputation: high vs. low) experimental design was used to understand whether the product price and e-retailer reputation will influence consumers' perceived risk, attitude toward the website and purchase intention. The results of this study indicate that perceived risk negatively influences consumer attitude toward the website and online purchase intention, while consumer attitude toward the website positively influences purchase intention. Moreover, involvement moderates the influence of product price and e-retailer reputation only on social risk but does not have a significant effect on consumer attitude toward the website. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of online auction users' behavior. Finally, the managerial implications, limitations and future research directions are also provided.     

青少年重复梦主题的调查研究

该文通过对615名青少年进行《重复梦调查问卷》、梦的态度量表、幸福感指数量表等三份问卷的调查,结果发现:1)青少年重复梦的发生频率较高,86.4%的青少年做过重复梦;2)青少年重复主题的梦是最普遍的,占总数的32.4%;3)重复梦的发生频率个体差异较大,难以发现固定规律;4)重复梦里的情绪多为负性的情绪,占58.4%,其中恐惧是重复梦中体验最多的情绪,占38.0%;5)青少年重复梦发生频率最高的两大主题就是被追赶和坠落;6)是否做过重复梦与梦的态度显著相关,现在还在做重复梦的群体对梦的态度最积极;7)有没有重复梦与个体的主观幸福感指数不存在显著相关。     

大学生就业能力的结构初探

通过访谈(19名大学应届毕业生)、开放式问卷调查(310名大学生)、企业座谈(18家企业人力资源部门工作人员)及专家咨询(12名高校就业指导教师)等方式,调查了影响大学生顺利就业的因素,提炼出13个大类别,80个小类。并以此为基础编制了大学生就业能力问卷,对北京市各层次共10所高校1177名(样本一588份,样本二589份)毕业生及非毕业生进行施测。探索性因素分析及验证性因素分析表明,大学生就业能力可分为9个因素:团队合作、创新与问题解决能力、内省性、专业技能、实践经验、职业动机、就业信息获取、求职方法及自我定位。     

Are there limits to collectivism? Culture and children's reasoning about lying to conceal a group transgression

This study explored the effects of collectivism on lying to conceal a group transgression. Seven‐, 9‐, and 11‐year‐old US and Chinese children (N=374) were asked to evaluate stories in which protagonists either lied or told the truth about their group's transgression and were then asked about either the protagonist's motivations or justification for their own evaluations. Previous research suggests that children in collectivist societies such as China find lying for one's group to be more acceptable than do children from individualistic societies such as the United States. The current study provides evidence that this is not always the case: Chinese children in this study viewed lies told to conceal a group's transgressions less favourably than did US children. An examination of children's reasoning about protagonists' motivations for lying indicated that children in both countries focused on an impact to self when discussing motivations for protagonists to lie for their group. Overall, results suggest that children living in collectivist societies do not always focus on the needs of the group. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大学生专业适应性、学习倦怠与学习策略的关系

采用大学生专业适应性问卷、学习倦怠量表和学习策略问卷,对802名大学生进行了测试,考察了大学生专业适应性、学习倦怠和学习策略的基本状况,以及专业适应性、学习倦怠与学习策略的关系。结果表明：大学生的专业适应性、学习倦怠和学习策略整体情况良好,但也有相当比例的大学生缺乏有效的学习策略,专业适应不良并表现出学习倦怠倾向;专业适应性对学习策略有显著的正向预测作用;学习倦怠对学习策略有负向预测作用,并在专业适应性和学习策略之间起部分中介作用。     

《坛经》版本管窥

本文在<坛经>"敦博本"与"敦斯本"对校的基础上,提出并论证了"敦博本"和"敦斯本"是同源的不同"听诵记写本"各自转抄的写本,并对<坛经>主要版本及其流交情况进行了梳理.     

2岁儿童延迟性自我控制及家庭因素的相关研究

摘要研究考察2岁儿童延迟性自我控制行为的发展水平及其家庭影响因素。对86名17．5到28．5个月的儿童在画笔和食物为诱惑物的两种延迟满足情境中的行为进行实验室录像观察。同时以问卷法了解其父母教养行为、婚姻质量及亲子关系等家庭因素。结果显示：(1)2岁儿童已经具有延迟性自我控制行为．且存在性别差异。(2)家庭教养态度,尤其是母亲的教养态度对儿童自我控制行为有显著预测作用;(3)母亲所体验到的家庭生活的和谐程度能显著地预测儿童延迟性自我控制行为;(4)在控制了性别、婚姻质量及家庭教养态度后,亲子关系的作用不显著。     

宠物犬对"空巢父母"身心健康影响的研究

采用量表法以642个成年人为被试研究了是否拥有宠物犬、依恋宠物犬和身心健康之间的关系。差异检验表明,饲养宠物犬的空巢父母身体更健康,一年内就医次数更少、生活满意感更高。相关分析表明,是否拥有宠物犬与身心健康显著相关。回归分析表明,是否拥有宠物犬、依恋宠物犬对就医次数和生活满意感有较好预测作用。     

隐形矫治器是否是传统矫治器的终结

牙科正畸隐形矫治技术是随着计算机革命应运而生的新型矫治技术。它与传统矫治技术相比在美观舒适和治疗预见性方面有诸多提高。最早只有AlignTechnologyInc(ALGN)这个跨国公司垄断经营,其运作方式也不同于传统矫治装置。由于它扩大了正畸患者群并面向非正畸专业的牙医出售其产品,其经营宣传已经开始影响到正畸医疗的服务格局。这样,很容易令人联想到此技术将结束传统矫治技术的时代。通过分析其时代背景和运作方式及技术局限性,认为隐形矫治器仍应作为传统矫治器的有力补充,而成为正畸学发展的助推器,而不应失去掌握着传统矫治技术的正畸医师的监控,导致盲目市场扩大化而伤害患者的健康利益。总之,隐形矫治技术不应是传统矫治技术的终结。