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481.
<正>今天,2020年5月21日。二十年前的今日,赵朴初大德世缘已尽,往生净土。赵朴老曾任全国政协副主席、中国佛教协会会长、中国佛学院院长,是个著名爱国者、卓越宗教家、杰出佛教徒,堪称"当代维摩诘"。比丘本性,曾蒙赵朴初大德诸多关怀。而今,斯人虽去,恩德长在。念兹在兹,没齿难忘。为此,特撰此文,以为纪念。于佛教中,菩提树是觉悟之树、神圣之树。因为,佛陀是在菩提树下实证戒定慧而明心见性的,见菩提树如见佛。因此,在原始佛教国家,寺院必需三大圣物具足。这三大元素就是佛陀圣像、圣菩提树与圣舍利塔。 相似文献
482.
Bonnie K. Lee Samuel M. Ofori Dei Matthew M. R. Brown Olu A. Awosoga Yanjun Shi Andrew J. Greenshaw 《Family process》2023,62(1):124-159
A nonblinded randomized trial was conducted at two Canadian provincial outpatient addiction clinics that tested the effectiveness of a systemic congruence couple therapy (CCT) versus individual-based treatment-as-usual (TAU) on nine clinical outcomes: (1) primary outcomes—alcohol use and gambling, psychiatric symptoms, and couple adjustment; (2) secondary outcomes—emotion regulation, substance use, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and life stress. Data of primary clients and partners (N = 46) were analyzed longitudinally across baseline, posttreatment (5 months), and follow-up (8 months). Alcohol use disorder (95%) and gambling disorder (5%) were in the severe range at baseline, and co-addiction was 27%. Psychiatric comorbidity was 100%, and 18% of couples were jointly addicted. Between-group comparison favored CCT in primary outcomes with medium-to-large effect sizes (Cohen's h = 0.74–1.44). Secondary outcomes were also significantly stronger for CCT (Cohen's h = 0.27–1.53). Within-group, for all primary outcomes, a significant proportion of symptomatic CCT clients and partners improved, converging with ANOVA results of large effect sizes (0.14–0.29). All secondary outcomes improved significantly in CCT with large effect sizes (0.14–0.50). TAU showed significant within-group improvement in alcohol use, other substance use, and life stress with large effect sizes (0.16–0.40). Primary clients and partners made largely equivalent improvement within CCT and within TAU. Results were triangulated with clients' satisfaction ratings and counselors' reports. Overall, significant within-group effects were detected for CCT both clinically and statistically and between-group difference favored CCT. Future trials are required to validate these promising findings. 相似文献
483.
Xiongbo Shi 《Philosophy Compass》2023,18(5):e12912
This article introduces the aesthetic significance of Chinese calligraphy, one of the highest art forms in China. It focuses on three major aesthetic concerns manifested in classical texts on this art. First, Chinese art theory stresses that the forms (xing) of successful calligraphic works are never static; rather, they should be filled with internal force (shi). Second, calligraphic creation can be understood as a psychosomatic process, that is, involving coordination between the mind and the hand. Third, appreciation of Chinese calligraphy is identified with the process of reconstructing the calligrapher's creation of the work, which is analogous to Richard Wollheim's identifying criticism as retrieval. The last section examines the concept of qi and discusses what kind of aesthetic considerations encourage us to make a connection between Chinese calligraphy and abstract art. 相似文献
484.
Cooperation is the crux of many social problems, thus third‐party sanction, as one of the most important ways to promote cooperation, is worth studying. The present study compared the effects of third‐party punishment alone, third‐party reward alone, and the combination of third‐party reward and third‐party punishment on cooperation in the context of a public goods experiment. In addition, we explored the characteristics of third‐party sanctioning behaviors. A total of 280 students participated in the present study. The results showed that the operation of third‐party sanctions did raise the level of cooperation and changed the discrete trend of cooperation—specifically, the differences between the cooperation level of every group member and the average level of the whole group. Furthermore, when third‐party rewards and third‐party punishments were used simultaneously in the public goods game (PGG), the level of cooperation was greatly enhanced, which meant that in the context of the third party, when punishment opportunities and reward opportunities coexist, they may have a “compensatory effect.” In terms of the characteristics of sanctioning behaviors, the frequency of third‐party sanctions did not differ significantly under different conditions (third‐party punishment alone, third‐party reward alone, and a combination of third‐party reward and third‐party punishment), and neither did expenditures on third‐party sanctions, but the strategies that third parties used changed under different conditions, thus their effects on other group members’ cooperative behavior varied under different conditions. The present study provides a comprehensive picture of how third parties behave in different conditions of third‐party sanctions and how these sanctions exert influence on cooperation. Understanding these mechanisms can help us build more effective institutions. 相似文献
485.
Self-determination theory proposes that autonomy support in the classroom is critical for students’ optimal motivation and performance. However, the literature has not adequately demonstrated the psychometric qualities of the most popular measurement for autonomy-supportive classrooms, the Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ) and its short version. Using the graded response model in item response theory (IRT), the current study evaluates the short version of the LCQ with a large sample (N?=?13570). IRT and classic psychometric analyses show that the scale is generally satisfactory in measuring latent learning climate, with the exceptions that Item 4 appears to be inadequate and that the scale is relatively weak in distinguishing highly autonomy-supportive classrooms. We provide suggestions for future studies, such as dropping Item 4 and including more items that tap into instructional practices located on the higher end of the latent autonomy support spectrum. Implications of the current findings for the conceptualization of autonomy support are also discussed. 相似文献
486.
Xiaoyu Jia Weijian Li Liren Cao Ping Li Meiling Shi Jingjing Wang Wei Cao Xinyu Li 《International journal of psychology》2018,53(2):83-91
The influence of individual differences on learners' study time allocation has been emphasised in recent studies; however, little is known about the role of individual thinking styles (analytical versus intuitive). In the present study, we explored the influence of individual thinking styles on learners' application of agenda‐based and habitual processes when selecting the first item during a study‐time allocation task. A 3‐item cognitive reflection test (CRT) was used to determine individuals' degree of cognitive reliance on intuitive versus analytical cognitive processing. Significant correlations between CRT scores and the choices of first item selection were observed in both Experiment 1a (study time was 5 seconds per triplet) and Experiment 1b (study time was 20 seconds per triplet). Furthermore, analytical decision makers constructed a value‐based agenda (prioritised high‐reward items), whereas intuitive decision makers relied more upon habitual responding (selected items from the leftmost of the array). The findings of Experiment 1a were replicated in Experiment 2 notwithstanding ruling out the possible effects from individual intelligence and working memory capacity. Overall, the individual thinking style plays an important role on learners' study time allocation and the predictive ability of CRT is reliable in learners' item selection strategy. 相似文献
487.
国外亲子关系和同伴关系对行为倾向影响的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
详细介绍了国外亲子关系和同伴关系对儿童和青少年三种主要行为倾向影响研究的主要进展,并对此进行简要的评述 相似文献
488.
489.
该文回顾了近年来对反馈机制的研究进展,介绍了影响反馈效果的因素,特别是从信息源、信息以及信息接受者三方面阐述了反馈有效性理论研究的进展,并就如何深入开展反馈机制的研究、管理者如何进行有效的反馈提出了建议。 相似文献
490.
