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931.
Jing Jing Liu 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2010,20(3):184-201
The rise in Chinese traders and increased availability of low‐cost imported goods benefits consumers, challenges local African retailers and is a point of tension in local communities. China's presence in Africa has been largely discussed and analysed through a political economy perspective. The social impact in local communities has been documented anecdotally but has yet to be empirically studied. This study took place in Makola Market, Accra, Ghana, to investigate the emerging intergroup encounters between established Ghanaian traders and nascent Chinese traders. Photo‐elicited semi‐structured interviews were conducted to explore how their interrelated experiences shape their interpretative framework and inform the dialectic of contact and social identity. I draw on these interpretative frameworks to propose a new model of contact, the Tri‐relational Contact Model, to capture and highlight how people's experiences include contact relationships with not just each other, but also with their places of business and the goods of trade. The findings from this study empirically highlight the micro‐level impact of China's presence in Ghana and help re‐conceptualize the contact hypothesis through a new model of contact with greater analytical utility to explicate the relational nature of contact and social identity formation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
932.
美国是一个移民组成的国家,许多人将其比作民族"大熔炉"。移民们不仅将基督教三大分支——新教、天主教、东正教带进了美国,也将犹太教、伊斯兰教、佛教、印度教等带到了美国。此外,美国还存在着土生土长的宗教如摩门教和难以计数的小型宗教派别。在这个宗教多元的国度里,如此多的教派何以能够和谐共处?本文从政教分离、司法独立、崇尚教育、法律完备、移民的美国化、慈善机构的作用以及美国社会等方面作了一些探索和分析。 相似文献
933.
934.
Helen Pushkarskaya Xun Liu Michael Smithson Jane E. Joseph 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(3):382-391
In this study, we examined the neural basis of decision making under different types of uncertainty that involve missing information:
ambiguity (vague probabilities) and sample space ignorance (SSI; unknown outcomes). fMRI revealed that these two different
types of uncertainty recruit distinct neural substrates: Ambiguity recruits the left insula, whereas SSI recruits the anterior
cingulate cortex, bilateral inferior parietal cortex, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. The finding of unique activations
for different types of uncertainty may not necessarily be predicted within the reductive approach of modern theories of decision
making under uncertainty, because these theories purport that humans reduce more complicated uncertain environments to subjectively
formed less complicated ones (i.e., SSI to ambiguity). The predictions of the reductive view held only for ambiguityaverse
individuals and not for ambiguity-tolerant individuals. Consequently, theories of decision making under uncertainty should
include individual tolerance for missing information and how these individual differences modulate the neural systems engaged
during decision making. Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from http://cabn.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
935.
Previous studies have shown a right-visual-field (RVF)/left-hemisphere (LH) advantage in Chinese phonetic compound pronunciation.
Here, we contrast the processing of two phonetic compound types: a dominant structure in which a semantic component appears
on the left and a phonetic component on the right (SP characters), and a minority structure with the opposite arrangement
(PS characters). We show that this RVF/LH advantage was observed only in SP character pronunciation, but not in PS character
pronunciation. This result suggests that SP character processing is more LH lateralized than is PS character processing and
is consistent with corresponding ERP N170 data. This effect may be due to the dominance of SP characters in the lexicon, which
makes readers opt to obtain phonological information from the right of the characters. This study thus shows that the overall
information distribution of word components in the lexicon may influence how written words are processed in the brain. Supplemental
materials for this article may be downloaded from http://cabn .psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
936.
937.
运用问卷调查法从归因视角对企业员工工作倦怠进行探讨,结果表明:(1)采用安戈夫(Angof)f方法得到倦怠标准的界定分数,其中情绪耗竭维度为21分,玩世不恭维度为14分,成就感低落维度为19分;(2)归因的物质环境、人际关系与价值感因子均与情绪耗竭、玩世不恭呈显著正相关,与成就感低落呈显著负相关,而归因的生活态度因子仅与个人成就感低落呈显著负相关;(3)人际关系与价值感因子对情绪耗竭有显著的正向预测作用;价值感因子对玩世不恭有显著的正向预测作用;物质环境与生活态度因子对成就感低落有显著的负向预测作用。 相似文献
938.
文章以领导-员工交换理论(LMX)研究的发展为线索,着重介绍了国外最新有关组织水平LMX的研究。论述了相关的研究结果和研究方法,用LMX理论与结果公平、程序公平和互动公平的概念讨论工作组织中员工的社会比较过程。最后指出组织水平研究对企业管理的实践意义。 相似文献
939.
940.
采用被试内重复测量设计和经典的线索—靶子实验范式,考查了外框数目(4和8)、线索数目(1和3)、不同线索类型(on-off线索(即线索出现后消失)、onset线索(即线索持续呈现))对返回抑制的影响,发现靶子潜在位置数目越多反应时越长,返回抑制量越小;线索数目越少反应时越长,返回抑制量越大;onset线索反应时长于on-off线索,onset线索产生的返回抑制量大于on-off线索。这表明空间工作记忆负载和记忆痕迹会影响返回抑制。 相似文献