Racial Colorblindness and Confidence in and Likelihood of Action to Address Prejudice

In this study, we examined the association between racial colorblindness and inaction to address prejudice. Conceptualized as a type of legitimizing ideology that maintains societal inequality, we hypothesized that colorblindness would be associated with less confidence in and lower likelihood of engaging in action to address prejudice. Our study examined the role of affective variables in explaining the link between colorblindness and inaction, as well as explored potential racial group differences. We used multigroup structural equation modeling analysis to test for measurement and structural invariance of our hypothesized model across White, Asian American, and Underrepresented racial minority (i.e., African American, Latinx American, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Native American, and Multiracial students from Underrepresented groups) college students. In Study 1 (n = 1,125), we found that greater colorblindness was indirectly associated with less confidence in action through affective variables (e.g., intergroup empathy, and positive and negative emotions during intergroup interactions). In Study 2 (n = 1,356), we found that greater colorblindness was indirectly related to less likelihood of action through intergroup empathy. In both studies, we demonstrated measurement and structural invariance across racial groups, indicating that our hypothesized model functioned similarly across White, Underrepresented, and Asian American students. Our findings have implications for future research and practice to challenge colorblindness and to promote engagement in actions to reduce prejudice.     

On equivariance and invariance of standard errors in three exploratory factor models

Current practice in factor analysis typically involves analysis of correlation rather than covariance matrices. We study whether the standardz-statistic that evaluates whether a factor loading is statistically necessary is correctly applied in such situations and more generally when the variables being analyzed are arbitrarily rescaled. Effects of rescaling on estimated standard errors of factor loading estimates, and the consequent effect onz-statistics, are studied in three variants of the classical exploratory factor model under canonical, raw varimax, and normal varimax solutions. For models with analytical solutions we find that some of the standard errors as well as their estimates are scale equivariant, while others are invariant. For a model in which an analytical solution does not exist, we use an example to illustrate that neither the factor loading estimates nor the standard error estimates possess scale equivariance or invariance, implying that different conclusions could be obtained with different scalings. Together with the prior findings on parameter estimates, these results provide new guidance for a key statistical aspect of factor analysis.We gratefully acknowledge the help of the Associate Editor and three referees whose constructive comments lead to an improved version of the paper. This work was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse Grants DA01070 and DA00017 and by the University of North Texas Faculty Research Grant Program.     

对话：医学人人文中的普世关怀与公共理性

对话主张,我们不妨暂时放弃最高限度的理想化方式（终极关怀）,转而寻求宽容、宽泛前提下的公共理性,医学不仅是科学的,更是人文的。而要推动技术教育至上背景下生长的一代青年学子完成这样一次沉重的转向,有两门学科不可绕过,一门是科学史,另一门是科学哲学。     

仿真场景下类别空间关系判断中的注意分配

研究采用“提示-目标”的范式,并结合单、双任务的方法探讨仿真场景下类别空间关系判断中的空间注意分配。结果发现：提示影响类别空间关系判断效率,不同类型提示对类别空间关系判断的影响不同;类别空间关系判断还受到任务类型和判断类型的影响。由此得出以下结论：提示有助于注意资源的集中,提示越有效注意资源分配效率越高;注意分配受到第二任务要求的影响;决定注意分配策略的认知判断过程可能是持续存在的     

汉语多义单字词的识别优势效应

运用词汇判断、简单命名及辨别命名任务,考察汉语多义单字词的识别优势效应。结果显示,在三个任务中均发现了显著的多义词识别优势效应。在词汇判断和简单命名任务中,多义词识别的优势效应表现在低频词中;在辨别命名任务中,多义词识别优势效应同时表现在高、低频词中。实验结果支持了PDP模型,讨论了多义词识别优势效应产生的机制     

测验行业的法制化趋势

文章介绍了国外多种测验的重要行为规范和法则,特别是1999年由美国心理学会、美国教育研究协会和全国教育测量理事会联合修订并出版的《教育与心理测验之标准》。另外,文章通过对“律考数额录取”和“学位考试题库”这两个具体事例的分析,说明了中国测验行业不规范的现状及其可能的原因。文章还借鉴了国外测验组织管理机构的相关经验,进一步呼吁了制定行业规范的迫切性和建立测验管理机构的必要性。     

The Subject of Reading and the Colonial Unconscious: Countertransference in J. M. Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians

The American Journal of Psychoanalysis -     

非民营企业领导型态、沟通满足与领导效能之研究

本文以非民营企业台湾糖业公司为研究对象 ,探讨其员工沟通满足及主管领导型态与领导效能间之关系。本研究采用问卷调查法 ,针对台糖公司所属机构进行调查 ,所搜集的有效问卷共 63 2份。利用 Pearson相关分析、回归分析、规则相关分析以及路径分析来探讨领导型态、员工沟通满足及领导效能各构面间之关系 ,本研究之主要发现为 :(1 )台糖公司主管的领导型态属于PM型领导 ,员工沟通满足及领导效能仍低 ,尚待转型中之台糖公司主管积极改善。 (2 )主管领导型态与员工沟通满足间、员工沟通满足与领导效能间以及主管领导型态与领导效能间均呈现显著正相关。(3 )“领导型态”与“领导效能”之直接相关性较之经由员工“沟通满足”为中介变数时之相关性为弱。     

小学生动机归因量表的编制

该量表是以动机认知的归因理论为基础,用以测试小学生学习归因倾向的工具。样卷经过三次预测,取样８５２名。全表共有２４个项目,由２（成功,失败）×２（语文,数学）共４个分量表组成。常模采用划级评定形式。本量表的信度和效度令人满意,适用于三年级以上智力正常的儿童。     

Cooperation and competition of urban and rural children in the Republic of South Korea1

The cooperative and competitive behavior of 8–9 year old children in urban and rural Korea was assessed by three different experimental techniques. The urban children were significantly more competitive and less cooperative in experiments 1 and 2, experiments in which the competitive alternative involved direct overt conflict. Both groups were highly competitive in experiment 3 in which the competitive alternative was less overt.