论维特根斯坦的“哲学语法”概念

<正>近些年来,国内外哲学界在维特根斯坦思想研究中,逐渐关注到维特根斯坦的"哲学语法",特别是试图从当代哲学的视角解读他的语法概念的思想内容。(Forster;陈嘉映;韩林合,第11章)我在阅读过程中发现,维特根斯坦对"语法"概念的使用完全不像我们想象的那样严格,而如何理解其"哲学语法"概念,实际上意味着如何理解维特根斯坦哲学。     

早期宫颈癌术式选择的比较研究

根治性子宫切除术与保留生育功能的根治性宫颈切除术均可用于早期宫颈癌患者的手术治疗。根据生物-心理-社会医学模式的要求,本文采用比较治疗学的方法,对这两种手术方式,从适应证、手术方式、并发症、疗效等方面进行比较,为宫颈癌临床科学决策提供借鉴。     

脱域与重构:反思现代性的中国问题与哲学视域

在新全球化时代,中国的反思现代性出现了本土化的"脱域"与"重构"两大特征。所谓本土的"脱域",就是中国的现代性正处在一种"时空倒错"的格局中,原本在西方依次出场的前现代、现代与后现代,在新全球化语境中于中国共时出场或错序出场;所谓"重构",即与全球一系列后现代特征对接的中国现代化既不是经典现代性,也不是后现代,也不是西欧"新现代"或"反思的现代性"的跨界平移,而是立足中国本土的"新现代性",从而形成了具有本土风格的中国问题,需要我们以中国立场、全球视域来观察中国问题,建立中国新现代性理论。     

论我国养老金的替代率

养老金替代率看似一个具体的、"技术性的"问题,实际上却影响养老保险制度运行的全局.国家政策对养老金替代率的影响是全局性的、决定性的.从现在开始,我国养老保险建设将进入以合理调节养老金替代率为重点,完善制度运行的阶段.未来几十年间养老金替代率的调节将仍然主要依靠国家政策和资金的投入.我国能够解决未来调节养老金替代率所需的资金问题.未来调节养老金替代率应遵循保障基本生活、共享发展成果、实现社会公平的原则.     

以杀止杀,岂乐之哉!——试析葛洪的刑治思想

本文尝试通过梳理《抱朴子外篇.用刑》所展现的"刑治"思想,来对葛洪的思想体系概貌作一全面的把握。葛洪将刑罚视为"国之神器",对刑罚的必然性与必要性作了充分论证。葛洪的刑治思想是秦汉黄老道家涵容法家思想的延续与发展,也是其自身思想体系不可分割的组成部分,对于理解和把握道教的社会政治思想有着重要的价值和意义。     

TOWARD A MENTALISTIC ACCOUNT OF EARLY PSYCHOLOGICAL REASONING

Recent investigations of early psychological understanding have revealed three key findings. First, young infants attribute goals and dispositions to any entity they perceive as an agent, whether human or non-human. Second, when interpreting an agent's actions in a scene, young infants take into account the agent's representation of the scene, even if this representation is less complete than their own. Third, at least by the second year of life, infants recognize that agents can hold false beliefs about a scene. Together, these findings support a system-based, mentalistic account of early psychological reasoning.     

《周易》晋卦“鼫鼠”新证

联绵词由两个音节连缀成义,以音表义,所以从字形上往往不能得到准确的意义信息.《晋》卦中“鼫鼠”是联绵词,表示迟疑不决之貌.通过转语系联,发现“鼫鼠”与“首鼠”、“犹豫”、“蹢躅”等是同一个词的不同书写形式.然后,比较《晋》卦中的类同句,回归语境,证明“鼫鼠”训作“迟疑不决之貌”是合理的.     

Talking about visually perceived events: Communication effects on eyewitness memory

Communicators' tuning of a message about a social target to their audience's evaluation can shape their representation of the target. This audience‐tuning effect has been demonstrated with ambiguous text passages as input material. We examined whether the effect also occurs when communicators learn about the target's behaviours from visual (nonverbal) input material. In Experiment 1, participants watched a soundless video depicting ambiguous behaviours of a target, described the video to an audience who liked (vs. disliked) the target, and subsequently recalled the video. Both message and recall were biased towards the audience's judgement. In Experiment 2, the video depicted a forensically relevant event, specifically ambiguous behaviours of two persons involved in a bar brawl. Participants tuned their event retellings to their audience's responsibility judgement and remembered the event accordingly. In both experiments, the effect of the audience's judgement on recall was statistically mediated by the extent to which the message was tuned to the audience. The more participants experienced a shared reality with their audience the stronger was the message‐recall correlation (Experiment 2). We conclude that the audience‐tuning effect for visually perceived information depends on the communicators' creation of a shared reality with their audience. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improving computer skill training: behavior modeling, symbolic mental rehearsal, and the role of knowledge structures

Effective computer skill training is vital to organizational productivity. Two experiments (N = 288) demonstrated that the behavior modeling approach to computer skill training could be substantially improved by incorporating symbolic mental rehearsal (SMR). SMR is a specific form of mental rehearsal that establishes a cognitive link between visual images and symbolic memory codes. As theorized, the significant effects of SMR on declarative knowledge and task performance were shown to be fully mediated by changes in trainees' knowledge structures. The mediational role of knowledge structures is expected to generalize to other training interventions and cognitive skill domains. Our findings have the immediate implications that practitioners should use SMR for improving the effectiveness of computer skill training.     

自动情绪调节对负性情绪面孔注意偏向的影响

本研究通过成语匹配任务启动情绪调节目标,在情绪flanker任务中考察了自动情绪调节启动对注意偏向的影响。结果表明,中性启动条件下,被试表现出对负性情绪面孔的注意偏向,而情绪调节启动条件下,被试对正性、负性情绪面孔的注意分配不存在显著差异。这一结果说明自动情绪调节可以有效地减弱被试的负性情绪面孔注意偏向。