Effects of Team Goal Interdependence on Newcomer Socialization: An Experiment in China1

Increased employee mobility and the widespread use of teams underline the importance of understanding the socialization of newcomers into groups. Applying the theory of cooperation and competition, this study experimentally investigated the relationship between team climate and newcomer socialization and performance. We found that a cooperative, in comparison to a competitive or independent team climate strengthened the relationship and interaction between newcomers and the other team members. Thereby, this facilitated newcomer socialization.     

Effects of Relationship Values and Goal Interdependence on Guanxi Between Foreign Managers and Chinese Employees1

Foreign managers are advised to develop effective relationships with Chinese employees who as collectivists are thought to value relationships, particularly guanxi, with their leaders. However, foreign managers typically do not have the background and prior experiences typically used to develop guanxi in China. In an experiment with 120 participants in South China, Chinese employees with foreign managers who communicated that they wanted a relationship (compared to no relationship) with them concluded that they interacted better and had little relational and task conflict. Chinese employees who discussed their views within a cooperative (compared to competitive) context helped their leader, productively integrated their diverse views into the decision, and concluded that they had little relational and task conflict.     

How Do Organizations and Social Policies ‘Acculturate’ to Immigrants? Accommodating Skilled Immigrants in Canada

While the idea of acculturation (Berry 1997) was originally proposed as the mutual change of both parties (e.g., immigrants and the host society), the change processes of host societies are neglected in research. A grounded theory study explored the efforts of human service organizations to 'acculturate' to an increasingly diverse immigrant population, through interviews conducted with service providers serving Mainland Chinese immigrants. Acculturation efforts of human service organizations (mezzo-level acculturation) were often needs-driven and affected by the political will and resultant funding programs (macro-level forces). Even with limitations, human service organizations commonly focused on hiring Mainland Chinese immigrants to reflect the changing demographics of their clientele and creating new programs to meet the language and cultural backgrounds of the clients. To contextualize these organizational efforts, an analysis of how policy changes (macro-level acculturation) interact with organizational practice is presented. Finally, the meaning of acculturation for the host society is discussed.     

Mortality of geriatric and younger patients with schizophrenia in the community

Little is known about the differences in mortality among non-institutionalized geriatric and younger patients with schizophrenia. In this study long-term mortality and suicidal behavior of all the geriatric (age > or = 65 years), middle-age (age 41-64 years), and young (age 15-40 years) subjects with schizophrenia living in a Chinese rural community were compared. A 10 year follow-up investigation among a 1994 cohort (n = 510) of patients with schizophrenia was conducted in Xinjin County, Chengdu, China. Compared with young subjects, geriatric subjects with schizophrenia were more likely to be female, have more previous physical illness, never accepted treatment, and practice religious (p < or = 0.01). There were no significant differences of suicide attempts among the three groups. Young subjects had a higher rate of suicide (1,033.8 per 100,000 person-years), and geriatric subjects had a higher rate of deaths due to other causes (accident and natural causes) (4,314.2 per 100,000 person-years). Standardized mortality ratios for both suicide and deaths due to other causes were highest in young subjects and the lowest in geriatric subjects. Patients with schizophrenia in all age groups had a marked increase in mortality and suicide. Specific intervention strategies for decreasing mortality and suicide should be developed for patients with schizophrenia in different age groups.     

Effects of an Extracurricular Science Intervention on Science Performance, Self-Worth, Social Skills, and Sexist Attitudes of Taiwanese Adolescents from Single-Parent Families

A one group pretest-posttest design was used to investigate effects of an extracurricular science intervention on female and male junior high school students’ science performance, self-worth, social skills, and sexist attitudes. Twenty-eight 8th grade Taiwanese students (16 boys, 12 girls) from single parent families participated in this study. Student responses to a questionnaire measuring their self-worth, social skills, and sexist attitudes, and interviews and classroom observations used for triangulation and consolidation of qualitative findings revealed that girls improved significantly on several indices of science performance, and that both boys and girls decreased their sexist attitudes. Girls had significantly less sexist attitudes than boys at both pretest and posttest. Implications for practice and research are provided.     

Dwelling in the Nearness of Gods: The Hermeneutical Turn from M<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">ou</Emphasis> Zongsan to T<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">u</Emphasis> Weiming

This article argues that, as far as the problem of Confucian religiosity is concerned, there is an interpretative turn from Mou Zongsan’s moral metaphysics to Tu Weiming’s religious hermeneutics. Some concluding remarks are made: First, Tu’s hermeneutics is rooted in the ontology of self as interrelatedness, which is completely different from Mou’s theory of true self as transcendental subjectivity. Second, Tu’s hermeneutics of self can be better illuminated with the help of Heidegger’s notion of Dasein as Being-with (Mitsein). For Tu and Heidegger, self cannot be seen as something separate from community. This article also points out that the paradigmatic shift is evidenced in another similarity between the four categories of self, community, nature, and the transcendent in Tu’s hermeneutics on the one hand, and the four symbols of earth, sky, divinities, and mortals employed by Heidegger to interpret the meaning of dwelling, on the other. In such a primordial situation of dwelling, gods are not supposed to be intellectually known; they are rather to be neighbors in community.     

工作场所中欺负问题的研究现状

工作场所中欺负问题的研究有助于促进组织健康发展,逐渐成为工作和健康心理学研究的热点。近5年来,关于欺负负性行为不良后果的研究不断深入;同时,探讨欺负和组织情景关系的新研究动向开始出现。围绕着这两个方面,文章首先介绍了“工作场所中欺负”的概念;接着回顾了工作中欺负的研究方法、发生率、发生过程、应对方式,以及与身心健康关系、与组织情景关系等方面最新研究进展。最后,对已有研究进行了总结,展望了未来可能开展的研究     

海德格尔与亚洲语言之双重关系探究

本文旨在对海德格尔与亚洲语言之双重关系的复杂性做出尽量公允并具有说服力的评估。大部分海德格尔的相关论述出现在德文文献中,几乎从未被研究。本文首次对有关资料进行合乎情理的论述。此外,本文揭示海德格尔与亚洲语言两度鲜为人知的相遇。一次是1960年,他询问梵文中对应于“存在”、“存在者”、“揭蔽”、“遗忘”等的哲学术语。另一次则是1958年他与日本学者久松真一在弗莱堡共同主持的“艺术与恩想”论坛,其中他问及日文中关于“艺术”的词语。     

大学生使用BBS的心理因素研究

在理论分析基础上,构建了大学生使用BBS的心理因素及行为模型,并编制问卷,通过对137名大学生的问卷调查对该模型进行了验证.结果表明:1.使用BBS的行为意向和自我效能感对使用行为的预测作用极其显著.2.使用BBS的态度对行为意向有极显著的正向影响.3.使用BBS过程中体验到的实用性和积极感受对于态度有显著的正向影响,而在使用BBS过程中体验到的危害性对态度有负向影响.4.互联网自我效能感对使用BBS的自我效能感有极其显著的正向影响,但对使用BBS的态度无显著影响.5.使用BBS的自我效能感和控制感对使用行为的影响不显著.     

环境和个体因素与青少年吸烟行为的发生

选择追踪调查中前测从不吸烟的659个初一、初二、高一和高二学生为本研究的有效被试,考察环境和个体因素与青少年吸烟行为发生的关系.结果表明:(1)在半年期间,约9%的青少年开始出现吸烟行为,男生、成绩较差的学生开始吸烟的人数显著地多于女生和成绩较好的学生;(2)同伴吸烟行为和吸烟态度、同伴直接和常规压力、母亲吸烟行为、父母吸烟态度以及青少年自我肯定、反叛性和抵制技能的变化与其吸烟行为的发生显著相关;(3)逻辑回归表明,前测中同伴直接压力、父亲吸烟态度和反叛性可以显著地预测青少年吸烟行为的发生.