面孔可爱度和客观熟悉度对婴儿面孔注意偏向效应的影响

近年来, 研究发现, 与成人面孔和其他社会性刺激相比, 成人对婴儿面孔表现出更多的注意偏向。本研究利用点探测范式, 结合眼动技术, 探讨了面孔可爱度和熟悉度对婴儿面孔注意偏向效应的影响。行为结果表明, 成人对高可爱度的婴儿面孔的反应时注意偏向更强; 眼动结果发现, 高可爱度的婴儿面孔的首注视时间偏向和总注视时间偏向更强, 表现为注意维持模式, 并且, 这一效应只出现在低熟悉度条件下; 而在可爱度评分上, 高熟悉度的婴儿面孔的可爱度评分显著高于低熟悉度的婴儿面孔。结果表明, 在低熟悉度条件下, 可爱度才会影响成人对婴儿面孔注意偏向效应; 在偏好行为上, 对婴儿面孔的主观评定和观看行为上可能存在分离的情况。     

Asymmetry of the group context effect on delay discounting

Binary choice delay discounting tasks require participants to indicate preference between smaller, immediate, and larger, delayed rewards. Previous research indicates that when the delayed reward is shared with others, the delayed outcome is preferred compared with when the outcomes are for the self only, resulting in lower rates of delay discounting. The present series of studies sought to replicate and extend this finding. Study 1 compared delay discounting on a standard task in which both immediate and delayed outcomes are for the self and a group context task where the delayed outcome was shared with one other person. Replicating previous results, group context resulted in lower rates of delay discounting, and this effect was independent of how the shared outcome was presented. Study 2 compared delay discounting on a standard task and a group context task where the immediate outcome was shared. In contrast to Study 1, group context resulted in higher rates of delay discounting, suggesting that preference in intertemporal choice tracks the shared outcome. Moreover, this effect was not independent of how the shared outcome was presented. This is the first study to reveal that group context, when applied to the immediate outcome, can result in higher rates of delay discounting.     

马克思国家与社会关系思想的伦理关怀意蕴

马克思认为奴隶制、封建制时期国家与社会是同一的、重合的,这种现象导致了对人的个性自由的泯灭;资本主义时期国家与社会是分离的,这种分离具有历史进步性,同时也带来了人的生活的二元化与人的本质的异化.只有国家复归于社会,才能实现人的自由全面发展.马克思关于国家与社会关系的思想中,内含着对人的自由、本质、发展的伦理关怀意蕴.     

一位用马克思主义“立场、观点和方法”研究中国传统思想文化的学术大师

“人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青”。——这是宋代末年,大思想家、大政治家文天祥说过的话。     

任法融会长出席第三届世界和传统宗教领袖大会

7月1日至2日,第三届世界和传统宗教领袖大会在哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳市召开,任法融会长率中国宗教代表团出席了会议.     

道教界“纪念汶川特大地震一周年暨祈福超度感恩法会”在四川举行

5月12日,由四川省道教协会主办、德阳市道教协会承办的"纪念汶川特大地震一周年暨祈福超度感恩法会"在绵竹市严仙观举行.来自四川、北京、广东、贵州、重庆、辽宁、山西等省市和香港、台湾地区,以及新加坡、马来西亚等国家的道教界人士400余人参加了此次活动.全国人大常委、中国道教协会副会长张继禹,四川省委统战部副部长、四川省宗教局局长王增建出席活动并讲话.     

道家琴曲略论

"目送归鸿,手挥五弦.俯仰自得,游心太玄."嵇康的这首诗将琴与道的关系形容得淋漓尽致.琴,今称"古琴",又谓七弦琴,是中国最古老的弹拨乐器,也是最具文化底蕴、审美情趣、民族精神与道德风范的传统乐器.     

Connectedness affects dot numerosity judgment: Implications for configural processing

Participants judged the number of dots in visual displays with brief presentations (200 msec), such that the numerosity judgment was based on an instantaneous impression without counting. In some displays, pairs of adjacent dots were connected by line segments, whereas, in others, line segments were freely hanging without touching the dots. In Experiments 1, 2A, and 2B, connecting pairs of dots by line segments led to underestimation of dot numbers in those patterns. In Experiment 3, we controlled for the number of freely hanging line segments, whereas Experiment 4 showed that line segments that were merely attached to dots without actually connecting them did not produce a considerable underestimation effect. Experiment 5 showed that a connectedness effect existed when stimulus duration was reduced (50 msec) or extended (1,000 msec). We conclude that connectivity affects dot numerosity judgments, consistent with earlier findings of a configural effect in numerosity processing. Implications of the role of connectedness in object representation are discussed.     

归纳推理多样性效应的发展及其争论

归纳推理多样性效应指的是在归纳论断中,前提项目数量越多、越多样,将能构成归纳力度越强的推理。已有研究表明成人的归纳推理明显受到前提项目多样性的影响,而幼儿的相关研究却存在着两种对立的观点：一是认为幼儿不能基于多样性进行推理,二是认为5岁左右的幼儿就能够基于多样性进行推理。出现此争论的原因可能与研究方法方面的差异有关,如实验范式与前提组间差异、实验材料类别与概念范畴、属性特征及呈现方式、推理形式;此外,儿童的知识经验也是一个影响因素。未来研究可以结合相关领域的研究范式;深入挖掘影响儿童表现出多样性效应的因素;将任务设计多样化;将实验任务的计分方式多样化;开展相关的应用研究。     

群体元知觉的形成及其对群体间关系的影响

本文阐述了元知觉形成的一般模式,以及群体内元知觉和群体间元知觉的形成过程.群体间元知觉是影响群体间关系的重要因素,因此探索减少群体间元知觉负效应的策略具有重要的社会价值,有关此方面的研究正成为社会认知领域研究中的热点之一.