Child Characteristics,Parent Education and Depressive Symptoms,and Marital Conflict Predicting Trajectories of Parenting Behavior from Childhood Through Early Adolescence in Taiwan

The study examined how child and parent characteristics, and contextual sources of stress, such as marital conflict predict initial status and trajectories of parent involvement, support, and harsh control, over a 4‐year period in families in Taiwan (n = 4,754). Based on Belsky's (1984) ecological model of parenting, three domains predicting parenting were tested, child characteristics (age cohort and gender), father and mother characteristics (education and depressive symptoms), and contextual sources of stress (marital conflict). The study followed two cohorts of children; the younger cohort was followed from first to fourth grade and the older cohort from fourth to seventh grade. Initially, fourth graders reported more parental involvement, support, and harsh control than first graders. However, involvement, support, and harsh control decreased across the 4 years for the older cohort as they transitioned to early adolescence. In the first year, girls reported more parental involvement and support and less harsh control than boys. Across the 4 years, involvement and support increased, and harsh control decreased for boys; whereas involvement stayed the same, support slightly decreased, and harsh control slightly increased for girls. Children whose parents were more educated reported more parent involvement, support, and harsh control in the first year. Children whose fathers were chronically depressed and whose parents were experiencing marital conflict reported decreasing parent involvement and support over the years.     

Predicting the Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Maintenance Approach from Cultural and Spiritual Perspectives

Journal of Religion and Health - Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) health maintenance approach is widespread among the lay public as a tool of health maintenance and disease prevention across the...     

1993~2013年常驻高海拔地区军人心理健康状态的横断历史研究

研究为探索常驻高海拔地区军人心理健康水平如何随社会年代变迁而改变,运用了横断历史元分析的方法,对1993年至2013年38篇采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)的文献调查数据进行分析,考察了11454名常驻高海拔地区军人在该量表上9个因子得分随年代变化的趋势.结果发现:(1)SCL-90的7个因子均值与年代负相关,且不受期刊类型等的影响.20年来,7个因子下降了5%~15%不等.其中,强迫变化最大,抑郁、焦虑、人际敏感、偏执和精神病性均变化明显.这说明,常驻高海拔地区军人心理健康虽有所波动但整体水平逐步提升,变化幅度大致属于中等程度.(2)当年军费占GDP比值、居民消费水平指数与SCL-90部分因子均值负相关显著;5年前的居民消费水平指数与7个因子显著负相关.这说明,国防建设的经济投入和居民消费水平可能是影响常驻高海拔地区军人心理健康水平的重要因素.     

HO-GDINA模型的EM算法参数估计

Generalized DINA Model(G-DINA)为认知诊断模型提供了一个一般性的理论框架,而高阶诊断模型不仅能描述被试的总体水平,还能描述被试对属性的掌握情况(微观的认知状态)以及被试掌握属性与能力的关系,提供更丰富的信息。如果能把这两者结合起来,可能对实际诊断工作的操作有较大帮助。文章首先对考虑高阶结构的整合性模型——HO-GDINA模型的形式进行讨论,探讨其参数估计EM算法的实现,并用模拟过程对模型的估计精度进行研究,结果验证了HO-GDINA的EM算法的正确性,并且说明该算法对该模型有较高估计精确度。然后用饱和模型在约束条件下的特殊形式HO-DINA模型对"分数减法"这一经典数据进行EM算法参数估计和具体分析,展示了HO-GDINA在实际情况中的具体使用,并与de la Torre之前用MCMC估计算法得到的研究结果做比较,基本一致,进一步表明HO-GDINA模型的参数估计EM算法在实际情境中的特殊形式下仍然适用。     

违规和违法行为责任归咎的身份效应——基于官员、富人与普通人间的比较分析

为探讨违规和违法事件中,旁观者对不同社会身份行为者的责任归咎是否具有一致性,研究要求被试对三组不同身份匹配条件下(官员/普通人、富人/普通人以及官员/富人)的违规和违法行为进行责任归咎,结果发现,无论是对违规行为,还是对违法行为,人们对具有官员身份的行为者的责任归咎最为严苛,对具有富人身份的行为者的责任归咎其次,而对既非官员也非富人的普通人的责任归咎则相对宽容,因而责任归咎中具有明显的身份效应。     

Introduction to the Special Theme on Analytic Philosophy

Since the last decades of the 20th century,analytic philosophy has been undermined by many philosophers in many ways.Some have claimed that analytic philosophy effectively ended with Quine's attack on empiricist dogmas,moving in an alternative direction.Others have insisted that it endures,taking a specific approach to philosophical problems inspired by prior speculation.Still others have criticized it based on recent developments in such fields as neuroscience and computer science.Clearly,the present status and the nature of analytic philosophy has been disputed.Several international conferences have recently been held in China to reflect upon,and respond to,these controversies.     

胰岛素研究的新突破

人类与糖尿病抗争的历史最早可上溯到公元前1500年前,但直到20世纪20年代胰岛素才由生理学家Fredrick Banting等发现.自此,挽救了数以百万计的糖尿病患者的生命.随后,人们在研究胰岛素如何调节物质代谢时,意外发现含胰岛素的激化液(Glucose-insulin-potassium,GIK)可改善急性心脏梗死患者的症状.提示,胰岛素还具有其它多方面的生理功能.近期研究证明,胰岛素确有抗心肌坏死与凋亡、进而保护缺血再灌注心肌的作用,这再次引起了人们对胰岛素进行深入研究的兴趣.从胰岛素的发现到对其新的作用机制的认识给我们带来许多有益的启示.     

《内经》对情志的观察与归纳

<内经>除体现出中华文化某些特有的思维特点,也有大量现代科学常用的基本方法,如直接观察并加以归纳.<内经>对有关情志的认识,归纳出一些基本的理论:人的情绪是人体正常功能的常态;对情志分类,主要按良性情绪和不良情绪来归类;情志致病的规律主要是"喜脏不节则伤脏"和"喜脏伤气".     

自尊与人际互动：理论、研究与问题

基于自我确认理论开展的大量研究,有助于理解自尊对人际互动行为的调节作用。然而,研究者对自尊的测量工具不尽相同,筛选实验被试的标准也不尽一致,实验范式忽略了对实际人际互动情境的操纵,单纯采用人际选择反应作为测量自我确认的指标,因而难以形成具有整合性的理论模型。今后的研究有必要在编制合适的测量工具的基础上,将整体自尊与特殊自尊作为两个独立的变量置于整合性实验范式下开展研究,同时采用对人际评价信息的认知判断和对评价者的交往选择的双维指标,以全面揭示整体自尊与特殊自尊对自我确认过程的相对作用及其心理机制。