高技术知识员工压力来源的比较研究

本文以上海高技术组织中本地知识员工和外地知识员工作为对比样本,进行两类人群在压力感知和压力来源的差异性分析.研究表明:上海本地高技术知识员工与外地知识员工在压力感知程度上没有显著差异,而在"工作负荷"、"成就动机"、"文化适应"和"工作/家庭平衡"等四个压力来源因素上具有显著差异;地域来源与年龄、学历程度对压力感知具有不同程度的交互作用.     

Transitions in sleep problems from late adolescence to young adulthood: A longitudinal analysis of the effects of peer victimization

Adolescence is a developmental period with high vulnerability to sleep problems. However, research identifying distinct patterns and underlying determinants of sleep problems is scarce. This study investigated discrete subgroups of, changes in, and stability of sleep problems. We also examined whether peer victimization influenced sleep problem subgroups and transitions in patterns of sleep problems from late adolescence to young adulthood. Sex differences in the effects of peer victimization were also explored. In total, 1,455 male and 1,399 female adolescents from northern Taiwan participated in this longitudinal study. Latent transition analysis was used to examine changes in patterns of sleep problems and the effects of peer victimization on these changes. We identified three subgroups of sleep problems in males and two in females, and found that there was a certain level of instability in patterns of sleep problems during the study period. For both sexes, those with greater increases in peer victimization over time were more likely to change from being a good sleeper to a poor sleeper. The effects of peer victimization on baseline status of sleep problems, however, was only significant for males, with those exposed to higher levels of peer victimization more likely to be poor sleepers at baseline. Our findings reveal an important role of peer victimization in predicting transitions in patterns of sleep problems. Intervention programs aimed at decreasing peer victimization may help reduce the development and escalation of sleep problems among adolescents, especially in males.

     

权利游戏——中国文化中的人情对腐败意识的影响

腐败是危害社会公正、法治的不良现象。为考察中国文化中的人情对腐败意图的影响,通过两轮问卷向190名大学生进行调查,结果发现:(1)人情不是单一整体,而是包含情感、资源、规范三个维度的复杂构念;(2)人情中的资源维度显著正向影响腐败意图,并且这一过程不受道德认同的影响。研究结果说明,为建立一个清廉、和谐的社会,人情中的不良成分,如利用人情资源获得优先对待必须被避免。     

The Impact of a Child’s Cancer on the Father’s Relationship with His Spouse in Korea

A father of a child with cancer experiences psychological stress related to his child’s cancer diagnosis and treatment, which may affect his relationship with his spouse. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to how having a child with cancer affects the marital relationship from the perspective of the father. We examined the impact of the child’s cancer on the father’s relationship with his spouse in Korea. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 fathers (mean age?=?41.35 years; SD?=?4.49) of children who were diagnosed with cancer before the age of 19 and were within 5 years of the diagnosis. The mean age of the child with cancer was 9.1 years (SD?=?3.68), and the mean age at diagnosis was 6.4 years (SD?=?4.08). The analysis of the interviews revealed the following four themes (and eight subthemes): conflicts between spouses (lack of father’s participation in caregiving, financial and work-related stress), mental suffering (heartbroken, torn between caregiving and work), change in communication (child-focused communication, avoiding communication), and change in the marital relationship (neglected relationship, new trust built in the relationship). A father’s increased conflict in the marital relationship after his child’s diagnosis of cancer was intensified by his limited involvement in child care and parenting responsibilities. An understanding of the change in the father’s relationship with his spouse can inform the development of a psychosocial intervention that may strengthen a father’s emotional intelligence and resilience, which could improve the marital relationship.     

Emotional reactions to scandals: When does moral character make a difference?

A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality.     

拓广分部评分模型下计算机自适应测验变加权选题策略

摘要: 在计算机自适应测验中, 对0-1评分模型按a-分层选题是高效安全的策略,但多级评分模型的项目难度/步骤参数有多个而无法直接应用这种选题策略。信息函数能够很好地综合项目所有参数及能力参数,但最大信息量选题策略会影响考试安全。本文提出一种变加权选题策略,它通过调用一个与信息量相关联的函数,该函数与信息量成正比,与区分度的某个幂函数成反比,从而达到既能综合项目所有参数又按a分层的效果。在GPCM模型下用蒙特卡罗实验进行比较研究,结果显示新的选题策略总体效果比已有相关结果好。     

基于IRT模型的儿童图形推理能力动态评估研究

MRMLC模型是一种常见的动态评估项目反应理论模型。本研究结合小学儿童图形推理能力发展的特点,采用前测-干预-后测的动态评估模式,对来自江西省北部的四到六年级共177名儿童的图形推理能力进行了基于MRMLC模型的动态评估。研究结果表明通过动态评估我们不仅可以获知儿童图形推理能力的当前水平;而且,还可以进一步分析和比较儿童在各测量情景所测的潜在水平。     

拖延原因的精神分析探索

拖延行为在日常生活中非常普遍,给人们的学习、生活带来不利影响。本文阐述了拖延的概念和性质,结合精神分析理论,从冲突、焦虑、防御机制和本能等几个方面对消极拖延行为进行分析,旨在为拖延行为的干预提供借鉴。     

Traits and stories: links between dispositional and narrative features of personality

Dispositional traits and life narratives represent two different levels of personality that have not previously been empirically linked. The current study tested five hypotheses connecting Big-Five traits to life-narrative indices of emotional tone, theme, and structure. Students (Study 1) and adults (Study 2) completed a self-report measure of the Big-Five traits and provided extended written accounts of either ten (students) or eight (adults) key life-narrative scenes, including life high points, low points, and turning points. Content analysis of the narrative data revealed that for both samples Neuroticism was positively associated with an emotionally negative life-narrative tone, Agreeableness was correlated with narrative themes of communion (e.g., friendship, caring for others), and Openness was strongly associated with the structural complexity of life narrative accounts. Contrary to prediction, however, Conscientiousness was not consistently associated with themes of agency (e.g., achievement, self-mastery) and Extraversion was unrelated to positive narrative tone. The results are discussed in the context of contemporary research and theorizing on the narrative study of lives and the relation of narrative research in personality to more conventional, trait-based approaches.