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81.
We investigated whether a pre-change representation is inhibited or weakened under correct change detection. Two arrays of six objects were rapidly presented for change detection in three experiments. After detection, the perceptual identification of degraded stimuli was tested in Experiments 1 and 2. The weakening of a pre-change representation was not observed under correct detection. The repetition priming effect was observed for a pre-change object and the magnitude was equivalent to the effect for a post-change object. Under change blindness, repetition priming for a pre-change representation was observed when detection did not require report of location in Experiment 1 and was not observed when location was required to be reported in Experiment 2. The results of Experiment 3 showed that a pre-change representation was recognized at a higher rate under correct detection than under change blindness, reflecting a stronger rather than a weaker pre-change representation in the former context. 相似文献
82.
Parent training (PT) is well established for reducing child externalizing problems; however, lower rates of engagement in PT among ethnic minority/immigrant families have been found. We assessed PT acceptability among Chinese immigrant parents and explored clinical and cultural factors that may be associated with acceptability. Participants were a community sample of 145 Chinese immigrant parents (84% mothers) between the ages of 32 and 65 years (M=43.3 years, SD=6.2) who had children (84 boys, 59 girls) between the ages of 4 and 17 years (M=10.7 years, SD=3.6). Results suggest that parents found positive reinforcement techniques significantly more acceptable, less problematic, and more likely to be supported by others than punishment-based techniques. Parents who endorsed the Chinese child-rearing value of shaming were less likely to find PT acceptable. Parents who reported greater dysfunction in parent-child interactions rated PT as more acceptable, and families with prior Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement rated PT as less acceptable. However, previous mental health treatment appears to bolster acceptability among parents with prior CPS involvement. Clinical implications for addressing barriers to PT engagement and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
83.
We examined treatment effects over a 6- to 24-month period posttreatment for 3 different interventions for externalizing behavior problems in young Mexican American (MA) children: a culturally modified version of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), called Guiando a Niños Activos (GANA), standard PCIT, and treatment as usual (TAU). Fifty-eight MA families with a 3- to 7-year-old child with clinically significant behavior problems were randomly assigned to GANA, standard PCIT, or TAU. As previously reported, all three treatment approaches produced significant pre-post improvement in conduct problems across a wide variety of parent-report measures, and those effects remained significant over the follow-up period. GANA produced results that were significantly superior to TAU on 6 out of 10 parent-report measures 6 to 24 months posttreatment, and GANA significantly outperformed PCIT on child internalizing symptoms. However, PCIT and TAU did not differ significantly from one another. These data suggest that both PCIT and GANA produce treatment gains that are maintained over time, and that GANA continues to outperform TAU over the long term. 相似文献
84.
Based on past research regarding the relationship between person-environment fit and work-family conflict (WFC), we examined the mediating effects of perceived organization/supervisor support on the relationship between person-organization/supervisor value congruence and WFC. A structural equation model was used to test three hypotheses using data collected from 637 workers in Taiwan. Person-organization value congruence regarding role boundaries was found to be positively correlated with employee perception of organizational support, resulting in reduced WFC. Person-supervisor value congruence regarding role boundaries also increased employee perception of organizational support, mediated by perceived supervisor support. Research and managerial implications are discussed. 相似文献
85.
Ayşe Candan Aylin C. Küntay Ya-ching Yeh Hintat Cheung Laura Wagner Letitia R. Naigles 《Cognitive development》2012
We compare the processing of transitive sentences in young learners of a strict word order language (English) and two languages that allow noun omissions and many variant word orders: Turkish, a case-marked language, and Mandarin Chinese, a non case-marked language. Children aged 1–3 years listened to simple transitive sentences in the typical word order of their language, paired with two visual scenes, only one of which matched the sentence. Multiple measures of comprehension (percent of looking to match, latency to look to match, number of switches of attention) revealed a general pattern of early sensitivity to word order, coupled with language and age effects in children's processing efficiency. In particular, English learners showed temporally speedier processing of transitive sentences than Turkish learners, who also displayed more uncertainty about the matching scene. Mandarin learners behaved like Turkish learners in showing slower processing of sentences, and all language groups displayed faster processing by older than younger children. These results demonstrate that sentence processing is sensitive to crosslinguistic features beginning early in language development. 相似文献
86.
Whether selective attention binds features in visual short-term memory or prioritizes selection for memory consolidation and decision was investigated with a change detection paradigm. Two types of change were manipulated: Feature or conjunctions of features. Previous work suggests that the allocation of attentional resources affects binding; hence attentional shifts during retention should affect the detection of conjunction changes more than feature changes. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that attention shifts had a similar impact on detecting feature and conjunction changes. Experiment 3 showed a performance benefit with a post-cue occurring 200 or 550 ms after stimulus offset, but no improvement was found when prioritization occurred with a delay of 800 ms. The results of Experiment 4 suggested that signals from both feature changes and conjunction changes contribute to detection. The theoretical implications are discussed. 相似文献
87.
Su-Ling Yeh Jing-Ling Li Tatsuto Takeuchi Vincent Sun Wen-Ren Liu 《Visual cognition》2013,21(6):729-764
The effect of learning experience on the perceived graphemic similarity of Chinese characters was examined by comparing results of the constrained (Experiment 1) and unconstrained (Experiment 2) shape-sorting tasks obtained from various groups of participants with different learning experiences and ages. The results from hierarchical cluster analysis showed that both Taiwanese and Japanese undergraduates classified characters in relation to their configurational structures, whereas American undergraduates, Taiwanese illiterate adults, and kindergartners categorized characters based on strokes or components. Although a trend of developmental changes from local details to more globally defined patterns was found, the identification of structure as consistently perceived by skilled readers has to be nourished by learning experience and cannot be obtained solely through maturation. 相似文献
88.
Jeffrey Liew Heather C. Lench Grace Kao Yu-Chen Yeh Oi-man Kwok 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2014,27(6):650-661
Background and Objectives: Standardized testing has become a common form of student evaluation with high stakes, and limited research exists on understanding the roles of students' personality traits and social-evaluative threat on their academic performance. This study examined the roles of avoidance temperament (i.e., fear and behavioral inhibition) and evaluative threat (i.e., fear of failure and being viewed as unintelligent) in standardized math test and course grades in college students. Design and Methods: Undergraduate students (N = 184) from a large public university were assessed on temperamental fear and behavioral inhibition. They were then given 15 minutes to complete a standardized math test. After the test, students provided data on evaluative threat and their math performance (scores on standardized college entrance exam and average grades in college math courses). Results: Results indicate that avoidance temperament was linked to social-evaluative threat and low standardized math test scores. Furthermore, evaluative threat mediated the influence of avoidance temperament on both types of math performance. Conclusions: Results have educational and clinical implications, particularly for students at risk for test anxiety and underperformance. Interventions targeting emotion regulation and stress management skills may help individuals reduce their math and test anxieties. 相似文献
89.
Hsin-Yi Yeh 《Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research》2018,18(3):218-231
The construction of collective memory (and the formation of people’s identification) is a social process; however, this process is under-theorized. This article proposes a conceptual framework through which to understand the identity-remembering process. Several significant elements to consider are pointed out and discussed. Mnemonic engineering indicates that social actors strategically employ available mnemonic techniques and resources to promote a preferred memory and thus identity. Mnemonic alignment and mnemonic refreshment are seen as the two primary goals of mnemonic engineering: to provide standardized memories and to renovate memories on a regular basis. Moreover, a distinction between mnemonic revolution and mnemonic reform is made to refer to the different styles that mnemonic engineerings use to deal with mnemonic sediments (the taken-for-granted memories). The almost inevitable alternatives and constant modifications are also discussed. The proposed conceptual framework is intended for application to identity-remembering cases in various social fields and differential scales. 相似文献
90.
Attention plays an important role in the design of human-machine interfaces. However, current knowledge about attention is largely based on data obtained when using devices of moderate display size. With advancement in display technology comes the need for understanding attention behavior over a wider range of viewing sizes. The effect of display size on test participants' visual search performance was studied. The participants (N = 12) performed two types of visual search tasks, that is, parallel and serial search, under three display-size conditions (16 degrees, 32 degrees, and 60 degrees). Serial, but not parallel, search was affected by display size. In the serial task, mean reaction time for detecting a target increased with the display size. 相似文献