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161.
162.
Across two studies participants completed a learning phase comprised of two types of trials: context pairing trials in which two (valenced or non-valenced) words were identical or opposite to one another and evaluative conditioning (EC) trials in which a CS was paired with a US. Based on the idea that EC occurs because CS-US pairings function as a symbolic cue about the relation between the CS and the US, we hypothesised that the nature of context pairings (identical or opposite) might moderate EC effects. Results indicate that identity-based context pairs led to typical assimilative explicit and implicit effects whereas opposition-based pairs led to attenuated effects. Implications and different accounts of our findings are discussed. 相似文献
163.
In this research, we made a theoretical distinction between direct and intermediary‐mediated trust situations, and conducted a cross‐cultural (Chinese vs. Australians) investment trust game to test the overlooked effects of an intermediary on investors' trust decisions, with respect to how much to invest in and expect from trustees. Compared to situations of direct trust, a nominal intermediary increased the number of Chinese investors expecting in‐group trustees to repay a profit on their investments (Hypothesis 1) and raised their level of investment in out‐group trustees (Hypothesis 2). These results applied to Chinese, but not Australians in support of the proposal that a nominal intermediary would serve as a cue to activate different cultural stereotypes of the functions and meanings of an intermediary with respect to trust and expectation of reciprocity. Coexisting with these culture‐specific effects of an intermediary, the minimal categorisation of people into in‐group and out‐group on trivial grounds leads to a highly significant in‐group favouritism in investment levels of both Chinese and Australians (Hypothesis 3). 相似文献
164.
Decision‐makers often evaluate options sequentially due to constraints on attention, timing, or physical location of the options. Choosing the best option will therefore often depend on people's memories of the options. Because imperfect recall introduces uncertainty in earlier options, judgments of those options should regress toward the category mean as memory decays over time. Relatively desirable options will therefore tend to seem less desirable with time, and relatively undesirable options will tend to seem less undesirable with time. We therefore predicted that people will tend to select the first option in a set when choosing between generally undesirable options, and will tend to select the last when choosing between generally desirable options. We demonstrate these serial position effects in choices among paintings, American Idol audition clips, jellybeans, and female faces, provide evidence of its underlying mechanism, and explain how these findings build on existing accounts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
165.
As is well known, mirror reading in language requires recognition of words and letters in mirror-reversed pattern compared with normal reading, and the cognitive mechanism underlying the mirror reading may involve two critical processes: visuospatial transformation and linguistic regulation. Chinese characters, different from English, are characterized by some unique features in orthography and spelling. Using ERP techniques, the present study investigated neural correlates underlying the mirror reading of Chinese characters, and whether the cognitive processes underlying the recognition of mirrored Chinese characters is different from those of alphabetic words. Twelve native Chinese speakers participated in the experiment, during which they were instructed to make an animal/nonanimal distinction. The stimuli varied with the word category (animal vs nonanimal) and presentation format (normal vs mirror-reversed). The data analyses focused on three aspects: the reaction times (RT) for Chinese words of normal and mirror-reversed formats, peak latencies, and peak amplitudes of ERP components elicited by mirror-reversed and normal Chinese words. The results from implicit reading provide evidence for a mirror-reversed effect. The behavioural data showed that mirror-reversed words were more difficult to identify than normal words, with RTs delayed for mirror-reversed words over normal words. Moreover, a clear N2 component, with maximal activity occurring at 200-250ms interval (N2), was more negative for mirror-reversed words than for normal words at posterior regions. However, there were no latency differences between normal and mirror-reversed words. The occipital N2 might be closely related to abstract word form representation. Larger N2 amplitude in response to mirror-reversed Chinese words is interpreted as reflecting visuospatial transformation in order to compensate for impaired word form analysis. The result of no N2 latency delay indicated that word form analysis and visuospatial transformation might be processed in parallel. 相似文献
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167.
Siyuan Guo Libin Jiang Rong Huang Weiling Ye Xinyue Zhou 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2018,21(3):129-142
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169.
Some people report that they argue for play. We question whether and how often such arguments are mutually entertaining for
both participants. Play is a frame for arguing, and the framing may not always be successful in laminating the eristic nature
of interpersonal argumentation. Previous research and theory suggest that playfulness may be associated with aggression. Respondents
(N = 199) supplied self-report data on their arguing behaviors and orientations. We found support for the hypothesis that self-reported
playfulness and aggression are directly associated. We found less evidence for our hypothesized inverse association between
self-reported playfulness and indices of cooperation and avoidance. Self-reports of playfulness are not significantly associated
with expert coders’ ratings of either playfulness or aggressiveness. The claim that an argument is playful should be met with
skepticism, although playful arguments are possible. 相似文献
170.
2010年7月12-13日,"身体研究的问题意识"学术工作坊在北京大学举行.会议由北京大学高等人文研究院院长杜维明先生发起并主持.参加本次会议的有张祥龙教授、张再林教授、王庆节教授、张曙光教授、李河研究员、杨大春教授、陈立胜教授,原定参加会议的蒙培元教授因故未能到会,但提交了书面发言.与会学者围绕"中国哲学研究中的身体维度"这一主题,就中国哲学研究的身体维度能否成立,中国哲学的身体性研究能否带来中国哲学的创造性转化,这种身体研究能否为人类当前面临的大问题提供不同于西方的解答等问题展开了深人的交流与探讨. 相似文献