法律的正义性价值——从富勒的两则虚拟案例谈起

《斯派伦辛探险者案件》与"怨毒告密者难题"是美国著名法学家富勒设计的两个虚拟案件,他试图以此来说明法与不法的界限以及法律与道德的关系.本文从法律及其正义价值的论辩性角度来推理这两个案例,抓住其中的"极端性"因素,进而分析富勒提出其著名的"法律的内在道德"理论的条件,并尝试着更深入地解读富勒的"程序自然法"理论的学术内涵.     

Validation of a Chinese Version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire

Cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) assign a central role to maladaptive beliefs. Evaluation of these OCD beliefs in Western countries is commonly accomplished using the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ) and is important for conceptualizing and treating OCD. It remains unclear if Western models of OCD beliefs are appropriate for sufferers in some non-Western regions, such as China, which represents nearly 20 % of the world population. Thus, the aim of present study is to examine the psychometric properties of a Chinese translation of the OBQ in three samples: 1,322 undergraduates, 139 patients with OCD, and 79 patients with other anxiety disorders. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed poor fit for multiple English-based models of the OBQ. However, an exploratory factor analysis supported an OBQ model that differs slightly from the English version: (1) Perfectionism/Certainty (P/C), (2) Over-Estimation of Threat (T), (3) Importance of Thoughts/Responsibility for Harm (I/R). This Chinese version of the OBQ (C-OBQ) contains 30 items and shows adequate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. In China, the C-OBQ may be a useful instrument for delineating cognitive patterns associated with OCD to inform research and treatment.     

The use of reflection-card by elite youth basketball players,head coach and team manager: effects on players’ performance and perceptions of users

The purpose of the present paper was to test the effectiveness of the r-cards in sport performance, and to examine what kind of benefits and challenges the head coach, team manager and female basketball players (N = 12) faced when using the r-cards. Mixed methods were employed to gather specific data to answer the research questions. Inferential statistical analyses were conducted to examine whether players’ performances in terms of their targeted defensive rebound percentage and free-throw percentage differed across the five matches played. No significant differences were found. However, evidence from the qualitative data provides a contrasting but insightful perspective. Subjectively, the r-cards strategy was seen as beneficial because it improved the team’s performance and preparations, helped the players in goal setting, identification of weaknesses, and recognition of effort. In contrast, realistic goal setting, irrelevance of some reflection questions, effort recognition, and feedback to head coach were found challenging in r-cards usage. The paper closes with a critical discussion on the implications for future use of r-cards in the field of sport coaching.     

吸毒者回归社会的过程:归属与认同的剥夺

该研究通过回顾性研究与问卷测量的方法,对吸毒者的认同感、归属感与复吸风险进行了分析和探讨,并对他们的生存状况进行了初步调查,结果表明:不利的社会处境是高复吸风险的诱发因素,戒毒人员回归社会后的生存状况不容乐观;吸毒者的自我认同和社会认同程度都显著低于健康人群,社会缺乏对戒毒人员有效的社会支持;归属剥夺是导致复吸的危险性因素,戒毒人员回归社会之后缺乏亲密的人际交往和情感交流。     

International students’ attachment and psychological well-being: the mediation role of mental toughness

This study examined the relationships of adult attachment, mental toughness (MT), and psychological well-being of international students. We hypothesized that attachment anxiety and avoidance would predict psychological well-being outcome variables and that MT would mediate the attachment-wellbeing links. The participants were 217 international students from a large public college in the United States. Structure Equation Modeling analyses were used to examine the proposed mediation effects. Result showed that MT functioned as a mediator for the paths between attachment anxiety and the two well-being latent variables of psychological distress and life satisfaction. On the other hand, attachment avoidance was found to have a more direct effect on adjustment difficulties without going through MT. Limitation and counseling implications are discussed.