高中骨干教师生活质量与心理健康状况调查

本研究以高中骨干教师为对象,采用问卷法对其生活质量及心理健康状况进行测查,以了解高中骨干教师生活质量及心理健康状况,探讨生活质量与心理健康的关系.结果显示,高中骨干教师心理健康状况不佳,在性别、婚姻状况、来自于城市还是农村等方面,生活质量及心理健康状况的一些因子存在着明显的差异,生活质量与心理健康状况在总体上高度相关.建议决策部门改进高中教师的生存状况,增进其身心健康,推动教育改革的发展进程.     

任务难度对前瞻记忆TAP效应影响的研究

前瞻记忆中的TAP效应是指,当进行中任务和前瞻任务加工类型一致时,前瞻记忆成绩要好于两者工类型不一致时.该研究采用双重任务范式,以大学生为被试,探讨了进行中任务难度对前瞻记忆TAP效应的影响,以揭示注意资源在TAP效应产生中的关键作用.结果表明:当进行中任务难度较低时,没有出现TAP效应,即进行中任务和前瞻任务的加工类型是否一致不会对前瞻记忆成绩产生显著影响;当进行中任务难度较高时,TAP效应部分出现.进一步说,当进行中任务加工类型为语义型时,语义型的前瞻任务成绩要显著好于结构型的前瞻任务成绩;而当进行中任务加工类型为结构型时,前瞻任务的加工类型没有对前瞻记忆成绩产生显著影响.     

印度宗教关系的发展特点及若干启示

印度宗教在世界宗教中占有重要地位,在古代也对中国文化有过较大影响。印度宗教最初发源于印度河文明,但对后世影响较大的是吠陀与奥义书时期的宗教形态。在印度历史上,影响较大的宗教派别是婆罗门教及主要由其演化出来的印度教。佛教、耆那教、伊斯兰教、锡克教等宗教在印度历史上也起了重要作用。印度近现代的政治冲突与此地区的宗教对立及民族矛盾有着直接的关系。当代中国在建设和谐社会的过程中,应借鉴印度宗教发展过程中的一些重要经验与教训,为世界和平与人类进步做出贡献。     

Sexual Priming, Gender Stereotyping, and Likelihood to Sexually Harass: Examining the Cognitive Effects of Playing a Sexually-Explicit Video Game

The present study examines the short-term cognitive effects of playing a sexually explicit video game with female “objectification” content on male players. Seventy-four male students from a university in California, U.S. participated in a laboratory experiment. They were randomly assigned to play either a sexually-explicit game or one of two control games. Participants’ cognitive accessibility to sexual and sexually objectifying thoughts was measured in a lexical decision task. A likelihood-to-sexually-harass scale was also administered. Results show that playing a video game with the theme of female “objectification” may prime thoughts related to sex, encourage men to view women as sex objects, and lead to self-reported tendencies to behave inappropriately towards women in social situations.     

中学生物理学业情绪问卷的修订及调查研究

以青少年学业情绪问卷为基础,结合物理学科特点对问卷项目进行修改,修订中学生物理学业情绪问卷.以314名初二到高二学生为被试进行预测,通过验证性因素分析对问卷项目进行调整,最终问卷包括67个项目.经检验问卷的内部一致性信度、分半信度和效标效度符合测量学的要求.在此基础上,选用728名初二到高三学生为被试.结果发现:(1)总体来看,男生,尤其是来自重点中学的男生,其积极物理学业情绪要高于女生,而女生的消极物理学业情绪要高于男生;(2)重点中学的初中生的积极低唤醒物理学业情绪得分显著高于高中生,且重点中学的初中生的消极低唤醒物理学业情绪得分显著低于高中生,而普通中学则正好相反;(3)在物理学业情绪中,积极高唤醒和积极低唤醒的所有因子与物理学业成就皆呈显著正相关,而消极高唤醒(仅羞愧)和消极低唤醒(厌倦、无助、心烦-疲乏)与物理学业成就呈显著负相关.     

近代中国国家主义与基督教

本文考察了近代中国的国家主义者对基督教的批判,以及基督教学者从基督教的国家观、基督徒的爱国问题和世界主义(大同主义)等方面所做的回应。这种考察,既可以让我们了解到基督教在中国历史上与某种政治思潮的纠缠,也可以为我们在当今全球化背景下审视基督教与国家的关系提供借鉴。基督教的普世主义可以纠正国家主义的偏狭,国家主义的思想刺激基督教不得不考虑本土化和处境化的问题。     

Self‐other decision‐making differences in loss aversion: A regulatory focus perspective

Drawing on a cultural perspective, we examined whether differences in self‐other decision making documented in the West can be replicated in an Eastern context. Study 1 revealed that Chinese participants showed self‐other decision‐making differences in loss aversion similar to those observed in Western participants; loss aversion differed depending on the type of decision recipient, and trait regulatory focus moderated the self‐other decision‐making difference. Study 2 found a mediating effect of situational prevention but not promotion focus on the relationship between decision makers’ roles and loss aversion. Furthermore, both studies revealed that participants did not show a preference for loss aversion, suggesting that the baseline of self‐other decision‐making differences has shifted in China compared to the West.     

中学生偶像崇拜与自我概念的关系研究

研究采用访谈法和问卷法．选取北京市428名中学生,考察偶像崇拜与自我概念的关系。研究发现：(1)有偶像的学生人数显著高于无偶像的人数,“歌星影星”与“著名人士”是其崇拜的主流。(2)有偶像的学生的自我概念显著高于无偶像的学生,主要在同性关系自我、异性关系自我、非学业自我概念上存在显著差异。(3)在有无偶像维度上,女生的同性关系自我、一般学校自我概念存在显著差异,男生的同性关系自我、一般自我、非学业自我和量表总分存在显著差异。(4)在有无偶像维度上,初一学生的体能自我、初二学生的数学自我、初三学生的语文自我和同性关系自我、高一学生的外貌自我存在显著差异。(5)不同偶像类型的学生的自我概念存在显著差异。     

不同科学创造力个体干扰抑制机制的比较*

选取《科学创造力量表》筛选出高、低科学创造力个体各20名,通过完成经典Stroop色字干扰抑制任务,探讨高、低科学创造力的个体抑制机制的差异。结果发现:在Stroop色字任务上,无论是高科学创造力组还是低科学创造力组,都出现了Stroop干扰效应,但低科学创造力组的Stroop效应更明显;高科学创造力组在字色不一致条件下的错误率显著低于低科学创造力组,但是两组被试在Stroop任务反应时上差异不显著。本研究结果提示高科学创造力个体的认知抑制能力强于低科学创造力个体。     

Individual Goal Orientations,Team Empowerment,and Employee Creative Performance: A Case of Cross‐level Interactions

Intrigued by relationship between team motivational context and individual characteristics in the organizational reality, we developed and tested a cross‐level model to investigate the interactive effects of team empowerment and individual goal orientations on individual creative performance through the mediating mechanism of an individual's creative self‐efficacy. Using multi‐wave multi‐source data from 63 R&D teams in three IT companies, we found that (1) team empowerment, individual learning goal orientation, and individual performance orientation are all positively related to individual creative performance through mediation of creative self‐efficacy; (2) learning orientation and performance approach orientation could both supplement the effects of team empowerment on individual creative self‐efficacy. Our findings point to the importance of individual goal orientation in shaping the effects of team motivation climates and provide insights for both scholars and practitioners. The specific practical implications include but are not limited to (1) individuals with learning and performance approach orientations should be identified during hiring procedures given that they could still thrive in less empowered teams and maintain a relatively high level of creative self‐efficacy and creative outcomes; (2) managers should consider assigning employees who are more learning oriented to more empowering and open‐ended tasks in order to obtain better creative results.