Chinese Christians in America: Attachment to God,Stress, and Well‐Being

This study examined whether attachment to God moderated the relation between perceived stress and well‐being (i.e., life satisfaction and positive affect) among 183 Chinese Christian international students and immigrants. Results showed significant main effects of (a) perceived stress on life satisfaction and (b) secure attachment to God and avoidant attachment to God on life satisfaction and positive affect. There was a significant interaction of perceived stress and avoidant attachment to God on life satisfaction. Specifically, high avoidant attachment to God exacerbated the association between perceived stress and life satisfaction, whereas low avoidant attachment to God buffered the association between perceived stress and life satisfaction.     

图的典范装饰与方程组的典范解

在集合论ZFC-＋AFA中,每个图有唯一装饰,每个方程组有唯一解。但是,在集合论ZFC-4-SAFA和ZFC-4-FAFA中,每个图并非只有一个装饰,每个方程组并非只有一个解。笔者通过定义互模拟坍塌概念,在可达点图的典范装饰概念的基础上导出方程组的典范解,提出并证明：在上述三种具体的非良基集合论中,每个可达点图都有唯一的典范装饰,每个方程组有唯一的典范解。     

Is expressive suppression an effective coping strategy? A study of Chinese rescue medical staff following an earthquake

The current study examined the function of expressive suppression among Chinese rescue medical staff following a major earthquake. We administered self‐report questionnaires to (1) a sample of Chinese hospital medical staff (n = 305) who assisted victims of the Sichuan earthquake, and (2) a second sample of Chinese hospital medical staff (n = 149) who had not been exposed to a major stressor. To examine possible interaction effects among differing emotion regulation strategies, we also conducted structured interviews with a subset of rescue medical staff to obtain support for a positive function of expressive suppression and a mediating role of positive reappraisal. Structural equation modelling indicated that expressive suppression was associated with higher levels of job engagement and lower levels of job burnout among the rescue medical staff and that these effects were mediated by positive reappraisal. However, for regular medical staff (not exposed to traumatic stress), expressive suppression was associated with higher levels of both job engagement and job burnout; these effects were mediated by acceptance. These results provide preliminary evidence for the positive role of expressive suppression within Chinese culture.     

语义表征具身理论:情绪在概念表征中的作用

概念如何被表征是认知科学的热点问题,其中抽象概念如何表征是当前具身认知最具争议性的话题之一。与前期概念隐喻理论(强调意象图式)和知觉符号理论(强调情境内省信息)的观点不同,语义表征具身理论强调情绪经验信息在抽象概念表征和加工中的作用。具体而言,具体概念的表征主要来自感觉运动信息,而抽象概念的表征主要来自情绪经验信息和语言信息。研究证明,抽象概念的高情绪经验信息能够促进词汇的加工,且这一促进作用受词汇情绪效价的调节。未来研究应进一步考虑影响情绪经验信息发挥作用的因素,比如语言信息的丰富性、情绪唤醒或个体的情绪状态等。     

Effect of V addition on the structure of ZrCr2 Laves phase: a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study

The structures of the binary ZrCr₂ and ZrCr₂ Laves phase with addition of V have been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results show that annealed ZrCr₂ is the cubic C15 phase with micro-twins. In contrast, annealed Zr(CrV)₂ has a lamellar microstructure with a character of long-period stacking sequences. Further studies by HRTEM indicate that annealed Zr(CrV)₂ is the di-hexagonal C36 with a coalescence of 5-, 6- and 8-layer long-period stacking structures. The effect of V addition on the structural stability of ZrCr₂ is discussed.     

An Idiographic Examination of Day-to-Day Patterns of Substance Use Craving,Negative Affect,and Tobacco Use Among Young Adults in Recovery

Psychological constructs, such as negative affect and substance use cravings that closely predict relapse, show substantial intraindividual day-to-day variability. This intraindividual variability of relevant psychological states combined with the “one day at a time” nature of sustained abstinence warrant a day-to-day investigation of substance use recovery. This study examines day-to-day associations among substance use cravings, negative affect, and tobacco use among 30 college students in 12-step recovery from drug and alcohol addictions. To account for individual variability in day-to-day process, it applies an idiographic approach. The sample of 20 males and 10 females (mean age = 21) was drawn from members of a collegiate recovery community at a large university. Data were collected with end-of-day data collections taking place over an average of 26.7 days. First-order vector autoregression models were fit to each individual predicting daily levels of substance use cravings, negative affect, and tobacco use from the same 3 variables 1 day prior. Individual model results demonstrated substantial interindividual differences in intraindividual recovery process. Based on estimates from individual models, cluster analyses were used to group individuals into 2 homogeneous subgroups. Group comparisons demonstrate distinct patterns in the day-to-day associations among substance use cravings, negative affect, and tobacco use, suggesting the importance of idiographic approaches to recovery management and that the potential value of focusing on negative affect or tobacco use as prevention targets depends on idiosyncratic processes.     

脑复康、石杉碱甲、绞股蓝、豆腐果甙和樟柳碱对动物旷场行为的影响

脑复康、石杉碱甲、绞股蓝、豆腐果甙和樟柳碱都是近年来研制的新的中枢神经药物。除脑复康以外,它们都是由我国的植物化学家首次从中草药中提取的新的生物碱或有效成分。本文报道了脑复康、石杉碱甲、绞股蓝、豆腐果甙和樟柳碱对动物旷场行为的影响。结果表明,脑复康、石杉碱甲、绞股蓝和豆腐果甙对动物的旷场行为产生明显的抑制反应,而樟柳碱则使动物的旷场行为引起兴奋反应。     

运动视觉的奇次倍频现象

当刺激图形为高速运动的方波光栅时,可观测到一种新的奇次谐波现象。当被试光栅为某些临界时间频率时,奇次谐波光栅静止不动,稍微偏离这些临界值,谐波光栅开始运动,其表现运动方向,或者与被试光栅相同,或者相反,这取决于被试光栅的时间频率高于或低于临界频率。本文使用视觉时空采样假设和付氏分析,初步解释了这一现象。     

窗口形状对视觉局域运动知觉的影响

根据人类视觉运动中小孔问题(Aperture Problem)的观点,如果通过小孔观察一个运动的光栅,那么人类视觉系统能够检测的唯一运动只有光栅的法向运动分量。本文设计了一系列不同形状的窗口,研究窗口内视觉系统的局域运动知觉。研究结果表明,窗口内视觉系统的局域运动知觉,包括主观运动方向和速度大小,取决于窗口的形状及光栅的朝向。传统的小孔问题的观点显然是片面的。