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11.
    
Having higher levels of mainstream cultural orientation (MCO), an important component of acculturation attitudes and behaviors, is beneficial for ethnic/racial minority students during the transitions into university. Scant research has investigated MCO at a micro daily timescale. This study examined how personality (agreeableness) functions in conjunction with interpersonal processes (inter-ethnic contact and perceived discrimination) to influence MCO as daily within-person processes.  相似文献   
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Hazardous or harmful alcohol use is very prevalent among the US population. With 15.1 million adults in the United States currently identified as having an alcohol use disorder, identifying hazardous and harmful drinking earlier is necessary for early intervention strategies. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test's (AUDIT) strong psychometric properties lead it to be a screening tool of choice across countries, cultures, and subgroups. A psychometric analysis aggregates all available evidence of reliability and validity to support the use of an instrument for screening, diagnosis, and treatment planning. AUDIT internal consistency for the 10-item total scale was α = 0.817 (n = 247,963). The two-factor model had the most structure validity support and aggregated convergent validity comparisons with other alcohol use assessments ranged from r = 0.578 to r = 0.701. The optimal cutoff score for diagnostic validity was 6/7, rather than the 8 recommended by the AUDIT authors. Clinically appropriate use and interpretation of the AUDIT as well as study limitations and suggestions for future research were discussed.  相似文献   
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The aim of the present study was to determine whether the self-enhancement effect of voice attractiveness evaluation is due to general self-positivity bias and/or the familiarity effect. The participants were asked to rate the attractiveness of their own voice, a friend's voice and strangers' voices. In addition, a self-reference valence (SR-valence) task was adopted in the experiment. Significant self-enhancement effects in voice attractiveness ratings were demonstrated, regardless of whether the participants recognized their self-voice or not. However, the friend-enhancement effect was found in only those participants who successfully recognized their friend's voice. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between self-positivity bias in the SR-valence task and the self-enhancement effect (but not the friend-enhancement effect). Our findings suggest that both the familiarity effect and self-positivity bias account for the vocal self-enhancement effect, and the influence of self-positivity bias could be implicit. The present study thus provides empirical evidence to clarify the potential explanations for the self-enhancement of voice attractiveness assessment.  相似文献   
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People's risky decisions are susceptible to the social context in which they take place. Across three experiments using different paradigms, we investigated the influence of three social factors upon participants' decisions: the recipient of the decision-making outcome (self, other, or joint), the nature of the relationship with the other agent (friend, stranger, or teammate), and the type of information that participants received about others' preferences: none at all, general information about how previous participants had decided, or information about a specific partner's preference. We found that participants' decisions about risk did not differ according to whether the outcome at stake was their own, another agent's, or a joint outcome, nor according to the type of information available. Participants did, however, adjust their preferences for risky options in light of social information.  相似文献   
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伽达默尔的“对话”理论作为其哲学诠释学的一个组成部分,在文本的诠释和翻译实践中产生着广泛的影响。毫无疑问,伽达默尔的“对话”理论在倡导读者主观性作用的同时,表现出了对文本及其作者的尊重,有利于在文本及其作者与读者之间的相互沟通,有利于克服文本理解和诠释中的主观主义和绝对客观主义的弊端。但美中不足的是,它却没有注意到诠释学对话除了“你”“我”之外还有“他者”参与到其中。一作为“对话”的文本理解和诠释传统的方法论诠释学理论认为,文本的理解和诠释基本上是一种“倾听”,即读者对文本作者内心“独白”的超时空“倾听…  相似文献   
17.
大学生自我认同感的差异   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过访谈法自编大学生自我认同感调查问卷,对某大学100名在校本科学生进行调查,统计分析得出:(1)男女大学生在家庭认同上差异最为显著(df=1,x^2=7.272.p〈O.01),在姓名认同(df=l,x^2=3.898,p〈O.05)、性别认同(df=l,x^2=4.034,p〈0.05)、容貌认同(df=l,x^2=4.061,p〈O.05)也存在蓿显著的差异;(2)文理科大学生在家庭认同上存在着显著性差异(df=l,x^2=5.394,p〈O.05);(3)城镇与农村大学生在学习成绩认同上存在着显著性差异(df=l,x^2=4.823,p〈0.05)。  相似文献   
18.
选题是计算机化自适应测验(CAT)测试过程的关键环节,选题策略的目标是要达到较高的测量精度,同时也实现试题曝光率控制及其他测验目标的实现.本文根据选题策略的基本原理和衍生发展,将众多CAT选题策略分为五大选题策略系列:Fisher函数系列、K-LI函数系列、α分层系列、贝叶斯系列、b匹配系列;并根据测验目标(测验精度、试题曝光率控制、内容平衡、多条件约束)对这些选题策略进行了细分,并对CAT选题策略的选择思路进行归纳.  相似文献   
19.
人造细胞是现代生物科学技术中的热点问题之一,由人造细胞及其衍生出来人造生命的伦理问题也备受关注,关于是否应该继续研究人造生命,支持者和反对者之间各执其词。以克莱格·文特“创造人造细胞”事件为切入点,回顾了人造生命的历史,简要介绍人造细胞的产生过程,分析人造细胞的正面和负面影响;同时提出马克思主义哲学可以为医学伦理问题的研究提供不同的维度与角度,让人们对人造细胞产生的道德问题做出更全面的判断。  相似文献   
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本文介绍正则互模拟理论并比较了正则互模拟的外延性大小,通过对非良基公理之间不相容的条件的讨论,我们进一步比较了由正则互模拟决定的非良基集合域的大小,最后对非良基集合论FAFA、SAFA和AFA中的非良基集合进行了分类。  相似文献   
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