小组辅导提高大学生人际交往水平的实验研究

人际交往问题是大学生存在的主要心理问题之一。本研究通过系统的小组辅导活动．探讨提高大学生人际交往水平的方法。研究结果显示．症状自评量表、人际关系诊断量表前测后测比较,多项指标差异呈显著或极显著水平,并发现人格的一些因素与人际关系困扰程度有显著或极显著相关。表明小组辅导对提高大学生人际交往水平是有成效的。小组辅导的策略和方法．值得进一步探讨和研究。     

小学语文教科书中人物的心理学研究

语文教科书中的人物具有一定的特征,并影响学生的社会化。本文对人民教育出版社出版的从1993年9月开始使用至今的九年义务教育六年制小学语文教科书进行了统计和分析。统计结果显示：1．在民族类别上,汉族人是少数民族人的25．2倍,显示了以汉族人为中心的特点。2．在形象倾向上,人物的形象倾向反映了教学大纲中的一些要求．但对现代人的形象和时代发展所需的一些精神品质反映不够。3．在身份／职业上,人物的身份／职业主要集中于政治家、军人、文学家等少数几种．对普通平凡的身份／职业描写不多。4．在国别上．中国人物的数量是外国人物数量的5．5倍,对外国人的形象描写未能较好体现出时代发展的要求。     

Norms of valence,arousal, concreteness,familiarity, imageability,and context availability for 1,100 Chinese words

In the present study, we collected valence, arousal, concreteness, familiarity, imageability, and context availability ratings for a total of 1,100 Chinese words. The ratings for all variables were collected with 9-point Likert scales. We tested the reliability of the present database by comparing it to the extant Chinese Affective Word System, and performed split-half correlations for all six variables. We then evaluated the relationships between all variables. Regarding the affective variables, we found a typical quadratic relation between valence and arousal, in line with previous findings. Likewise, significant correlations were found between the semantic variables. Importantly, we explored the relationships between ratings for the affective variables (i.e., valence and arousal) and concreteness ratings, suggesting that valence and arousal ratings can predict concreteness ratings. This database of affective norms will be a valuable source of information for emotion research that makes use of Chinese words, and will enable researchers to use highly controlled Chinese verbal stimuli to more reliably investigate the relation between cognition and emotion.     

Contextual modulation of reading rate for direct versus indirect speech quotations

In human communication, direct speech (e.g., Mary said: “I’m hungry”) is perceived to be more vivid than indirect speech (e.g., Mary said [that] she was hungry). However, the processing consequences of this distinction are largely unclear. In two experiments, participants were asked to either orally (Experiment 1) or silently (Experiment 2, eye-tracking) read written stories that contained either a direct speech or an indirect speech quotation. The context preceding those quotations described a situation that implied either a fast-speaking or a slow-speaking quoted protagonist. It was found that this context manipulation affected reading rates (in both oral and silent reading) for direct speech quotations, but not for indirect speech quotations. This suggests that readers are more likely to engage in perceptual simulations of the reported speech act when reading direct speech as opposed to meaning-equivalent indirect speech quotations, as part of a more vivid representation of the former.     

青少年抑郁症患者的团体人际心理治疗

青少年抑郁症患者的团体人际心理治疗是建立在人际心理理论基础之上,具有循证医学理论依据的心理治疗方法.它是将原本应用于治疗成人抑郁症的人际心理治疗理论和程序经过修正后应用于青少年抑郁症的治疗.实践表明,青少年抑郁症的团体治疗目标明确,实施领城广泛,具有校为明显的疗效和多方面的积极作用.但是该疗法仍然有许多未解决的问题,需要更进一步的理论突破和实务研究.     

傣族本生经研究——以西双版纳勐龙为中心

云南西双版纳勐龙地区是傣族历史上佛学最为发达的地区之一,长期以来一直是西双版纳的佛学中心。该地区的佛经不仅可与西双版纳其他地区的佛经相印证,而且极具代表性。本文在实地调查的基础上,以勐龙地区本生经为中心,对上座部佛教的傣族化、地方化进行了考察。勐龙地区《维生达腊》本生经传承的历史,从一个侧面反映了南传上座部佛教及其佛学思想傣族化的历史。     

音标-音素意识整合训练的重要价值——小学二年级干预组与三年级对照组的比较

采用前-后测对照组的准实验设计,通过小学二年级的两个干预组与小学三年级的一个对照组之间的比较研究,结果表明:音标知识、音素分解、合成、删除与替换技能相整合的训练方案,以及音标知识、音素分解与合成技能相整合的训练方案,都有利于提高小学二年级学生的英语音素意识、准朗读和朗读技能;不过,训练内容相对多的前者,并没有显著地优于训练内容相对少的后者。     

启发信息对个体顿悟问题解决影响的眼动研究

本研究以火柴棒算式问题为实验材料,采用2(问题类型:问题A、问题B)×2(启发类型:有、无)×2(认知风格:场独立型、场依存型)×5(兴趣区:第一个加数、加号、第二个加数、等号和结果)实验设计,考察顿悟问题解决时个体的眼动差异。结果发现:相对于场依存型个体,场独立型个体能够更有效地利用启发信息来减小表征变换时的心理加工负荷,进而提高加工效率;启发信息促进问题解决者对问题的表征从数值表征转变到符号表征,从而成功地产生了顿悟。     

Individuality in coo calls of adult male golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) living in a multilevel society

Animal Cognition - Vocal individuality is a prerequisite for individual recognition, especially when visual and chemical cues are not available or effective. Vocalizations encoding information of...     

Penalized Best Linear Prediction of True Test Scores

Psychometrika - In best linear prediction (BLP), a true test score is predicted by observed item scores and by ancillary test data. If the use of BLP rather than a more direct estimate of a true...