A diathesis-stress model of engagement in risky behaviors in Chinese adolescents

The current study examined whether the association between the occurrence of negative events and increased engagement in risky behavior is moderated by maladaptive and/or adaptive coping strategies. At time 1, 411 adolescents (ages 14–19) from Yue Yang, Hunan, completed self-report measures assessing coping strategies, engagement in risky behaviors, and the occurrence of negative events. Once a month for the subsequent 6 months, adolescents completed measures assessing engagement in risky behaviors and the occurrence of negative events. In line with our hypotheses, results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that adolescents possessing high levels of maladaptive coping strategies reported greater engagement in risky behaviors following the occurrence of negative events than adolescents possessing low levels. In contrast to our hypotheses, the association between the occurrence of negative events and increased engagement in risky behavior was not moderated by adaptive coping strategies.     

Relations among self-certainty,sense of control and quality of life

This article investigates the mediation effect of the sense of control on the relationship between self-certainty and quality of life (QOL). In the first study, 101 students at National Taiwan University (NTU) completed a self-certainty rating scale with respect to interpersonal traits of the general self and three role-specific selves (son/daughter, sibling, and friend). They also filled out the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire—brief version) Taiwan version to assess QOL. A two-factor confirmatory factor analysis revealed that self-certainty on interpersonal traits has a positive relationship with QOL. In the second study, 121 NTU students completed a self-certainty rating scale with respect to personality traits of the general self and two role-specific selves (son/daughter and friend), a control scale measuring sense of control, and the WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version assessing QOL. A two-factor confirmatory factor analysis revealed that self-certainty on personality traits has a positive relationship with QOL. In addition, a structural equation model revealed that the sense of self-control mediated the positive relation between self-certainty and QOL. The findings showed that people with higher self-certainty had a higher sense of control and, hence, led a better life. The results also showed that the positive relationship between self-certainty and QOL was stronger when self-certainty was assessed with interpersonal traits than with personality traits. Implications of this study for self research and adjustment are discussed.     

Does providing props during preparation help children to remember a novel event?

We investigated the conditions under which preparatory information presented 1 day before a novel event influenced 6-year-olds' recall 1 week later. Children were assigned to one of six experimental conditions. Three conditions involved preparatory information that described the event accurately but differed according to the presence and type of props (verbal, real props, and toy props). In two conditions, which also differed according to whether verbal information was supplemented with real props, half of the preparatory information described the event accurately, whereas the other half was thematically similar to, but inconsistent with, the event (misleading verbal and misleading props). Compared with the attentional control condition, all forms of preparation that described the event accurately increased correct recall. Preparation that included props improved photograph recognition. When half of the accurate information was replaced by misleading information, the positive benefit on recall was reduced, and when misleading props accompanied the misleading information, errors increased. The potential underlying mechanisms and implications for pediatric settings are discussed.     

Religious Belief and Practice in Urban China 1995–2005

Drawing on relevant data from surveys conducted in 1995 and 2005, this article explores the perceptible changes in religious beliefs and practices among the Han Chinese in urban areas during this ten-year period. Through analysing the survey data, the article attempts to examine these changes—the increasing awareness of religious others and the more revealing interaction between change and continuity—in the context of greater changes of society, economy, and politics. It concludes that, while commercialism and rationalism continue to dominate the ideological sky of urban China, spiritual beliefs and practices in various forms have also gained a strong footing in contemporary society and demonstrate a complex religiosity.     

任务难度对前瞻记忆TAP效应影响的研究

前瞻记忆中的TAP效应是指,当进行中任务和前瞻任务加工类型一致时,前瞻记忆成绩要好于两者工类型不一致时.该研究采用双重任务范式,以大学生为被试,探讨了进行中任务难度对前瞻记忆TAP效应的影响,以揭示注意资源在TAP效应产生中的关键作用.结果表明:当进行中任务难度较低时,没有出现TAP效应,即进行中任务和前瞻任务的加工类型是否一致不会对前瞻记忆成绩产生显著影响;当进行中任务难度较高时,TAP效应部分出现.进一步说,当进行中任务加工类型为语义型时,语义型的前瞻任务成绩要显著好于结构型的前瞻任务成绩;而当进行中任务加工类型为结构型时,前瞻任务的加工类型没有对前瞻记忆成绩产生显著影响.     

马克思主义"互动式结合"发展模式探微

互动式结合是马克思主义存在发展的基本模式.这种模式具有其他思想流派不具备的先进特征,包含有多方面的具体内容.     

建设性后现代主义视角下的中医:如何返魅

中医在现代科学的祛魅过程中受到了严重冲击,并选择了"中医科学化"作为应对之策,后果并不理想.从建设性后现代主义视角来看,中医理应选择返魅,发挥自己在整体观、有机论、和谐观等方面的独特价值.推动中医的创新与发展,需要放弃科学与中医的对立,认识到中医的独特价值,复兴中医在医惠关系上的优良传统,增强中医的自身实力.     

关系推理中信念偏差效应的研究

采用结论评估范式,考察时向和空间关系推理中信念偏差效应的表现形式,以及心理模型理论对关系推理中信念偏差效应的解释力。研究结果表明,关系推理中信念偏差效应的表现形式与三段论有所不同,不论是时间推理还是空间推理中都存在信念主效应,但没有发现信念与逻辑的交互作用;心理模型理论不能对关系推理中信念偏差效应作出合理解释。     

具身认知观对语言理解的新诠释——心理模拟:语言理解的一种手段

具身认知观(Embodied Cognition)试图对心-身-世界之间的交互方式给予系统的理论说明,主张:"认知是一种高度具身的、情景化的活动"(Micheal L.Anderson,2004);认知是从身体与环境的相互作用中产生的,依赖于某种类型的经验。从具身认知观来看,心理模拟是语言理解的一种手段,通过再入情景(re-situating)来实现。本文根据上述逻辑考察了词、句、语篇不同信息加工层面的实验研究进展,证实了人们在语言加工过程中感知、肌肉运动以及其他的经验印痕被激活,支持了语言理解是运动感觉以及其他相关经验的心理模拟过程。这种语言理解的心理模拟需要人们再入情景,与已有的听读说写的语言经验发生共鸣,从而为语言理解提供了新的诠释,丰富和发展了认知语言学的理论与实践。     

大学生自我认同感的差异

通过访谈法自编大学生自我认同感调查问卷,对某大学100名在校本科学生进行调查,统计分析得出：（1）男女大学生在家庭认同上差异最为显著（df=1,x^2=7．272．p〈O．01）,在姓名认同（df=l,x^2=3．898,p〈O．05）、性别认同（df=l,x^2=4.034,p〈0．05）、容貌认同（df=l,x^2=4．061,p〈O．05）也存在蓿显著的差异;（2）文理科大学生在家庭认同上存在着显著性差异（df=l,x^2=5．394,p〈O．05）;（3）城镇与农村大学生在学习成绩认同上存在着显著性差异（df=l,x^2=4.823,p〈0.05）。