活体肝移植的伦理学问题

目前,肝移植已成为治疗终末期肝病的有效手段,活体肝移植术部分解决了供肝短缺的问题,10多年来其发展迅速,并取得了良好的疗效,由于活体肝移植需从活的供体身上切取部分肝脏,且供体多为患者家属,故存在着供体的选择,供体的贡献与代价,患者的家庭,心理,社会等伦理等问题。因此在提高活体肝移植技术水平的同时,必须充分考虑活体肝移植的伦理学问题,遵守伦理原则,使活体肝移植不但能从技术上达到,在伦理学方面也是可行的。     

病前智力估计:效度与局限

病前智力的估计是甄别、诊断智能衰退的必要条件,有重要的临床和科研意义。依据学业成绩和工作成就等背景资料可综合评估病前智力的水平与结构,但其定性的结论不利于科研,且难免主观。依赖人口统计学变量的回归公式能客观给出确切的、具有一定效度的估计数,但会高估或低估极端智商。依据当前测验成绩的估计有“保持”和最佳作业两种模式,这种估计个体特异高,但被试在选用测验上的当前表现能否代表病前智力水平尚有争议。联合不同方法能提高预测效度。     

生活事件、性格对某些心身疾病的影响的调查分析

本文用生活事件经历调查表(LEES)对278名心身疾病者,282名癌症患者和 273名健康人(对照组)作调查。结果表明:心身疾病和癌症患者病前出现应激性事件的频度(人次),及对事件产生负性情绪体验的强度(得分)皆明显高于对照组。在应激性生活事件中,家庭事件因素的频度和强度均较高,从某种意义上说,它可能是心身疾病和癌症的重要前因之一。生活事件强度体验与个体个性特征、应付策略和社会支持有关。     

《老君戒经》及《老君音诵诫经》中的道乐史料研究

北魏时期是道教改革和道乐形成的重要时期,此期间道乐史料集中于北天师道领袖寇谦之。由于以往学术界在史料挖掘研究上未臻佳境,致使对寇氏的评价失之拔高。本文基于两种重要原始资料的整理研究,对寇氏在道乐史上的作用和地位提出新的认识和评价。     

对新员工入职期望变化的一项纵向研究

通过对419名企业新员工入职期望的纵向研究,并运用LGM分析,结果表明：①在组织社会化初期,新员工入职期望的变化呈独特规律,即,工作期望线性下降,团队和企业期望的变化呈不定义曲线形式;②新员工入职期望各维度的变化率都存在显著的个体差异,但仅工作期望初始状态的个体差异显著;③新员工入职期望各维度的初始状态和变化速度之间都存在显著的正相关。由本研究而引发的诸如个体差异的预测因素等问题,还有待进一步研究     

Career adaptability,calling and the professional competence of social work students in China: A career construction perspective

Based on career construction theory, the current research examined individual and contextual predictors for the professional competence of Chinese undergraduates majoring in social work (N = 270). Results showed that career concern and career curiosity predicted social work students' professional competence, with these relations mediated by the calling in social work. It was also found that the positive effect of calling on professional competence was stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. The corresponding moderated mediation model was supported such that the indirect effects of career concern and career curiosity on professional competence were stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. These findings carry implications for research on career construction theory, as well as career education and career counseling practices.     

The Sequential Model of Future-Oriented Coping and Adjustment to University Life: The Role of Attitudes as Further Evidence

The Psychological Record - The objectives of the present study were to develop the University Life Implicit Association Test (IAT) and to explore the role of implicit and explicit attitudes in the...     

Recasting Stigma as a Dialogical Concept: A Case Study of Rural‐to‐Urban Migrants in China

The present study explores stigma against rural‐to‐urban migrants in China, drawing on a dialogical approach. It investigates the processes of stigmatization from two sides: that of the stigmatizer and that of the stigmatized. Open‐ended individual interviews were conducted with 138 participants (60 urban residents and 78 rural‐to‐urban migrants) in Tianjin, China. Findings from this study indicate that migrants were stigmatized by urban residents as having an unattractive physical appearance, potential perils of disease or crime, and discredited places of origin. Such stigma was embedded in China's unique hukou system and generated from a social categorization of superior and inferior groups. Migrants reported a number of coping strategies to counter such stigma: blaming fate, stigma reversal and upward mobility. However, migrants did not view themselves contemptuously and expressed positive feelings about their lives as migrants. They regarded internal migration as a way of pursuing happiness. Overall, urban residents stigmatized migrants legitimated by the hukou system, while migrants were surprisingly resilient against stigma, and did not internalize it, due to their economics‐driven internal migration. This study underscores that stigma in a given society is dialogically interdependent with its socio‐cultural context and that the perspectives of both the stigmatizer and the stigmatized need to be taken into consideration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

心理理论的遗传基础初探

心理理论在社会交往中起着关键作用,其认知过程包括对自我和他人的心理状态进行推断及预测下一步行为.心理理论在不同个体间具有差异,这种差异可能部分归因于与心理理论相关的神经化学物质如多巴胺、五羟色胺、催产素、血管加压素等.来自不同群体的研究结果还发现,与这些神经化学物质有关的基因多态性,如儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶、多巴胺D4受体基因、5-羟色胺受体基因、催产素受体基因等都与心理理论的表现有关.     

独立预测作用,还是基础性影响？——价值观对集体行动的影响机制

为阐明价值观在集体行动参与中的地位和影响机制,研究者以利比亚事件为背景,针对现实和网络场域中不同程度的4类集体行动倾向,在天津市957名大学生中进行问卷调查研究,结果发现：价值观显著增加了低成本集体行动倾向解释率,并调节着情绪、工具性动机和社会认同对集体行动倾向的影响;中国人进行集体行动决策时具有集体主义理性计算特征;不同场域和程度的集体行动有其各自规律.结论：价值观在集体行动参与决策中是一种与社会认同类似的基础性变量.