同伴团体对青少年问题行为的影响：一项基于社会网络分析的研究

以675名初中和高中学生为被试,采用社会网络分析方法,获得506名青少年在其班级中的网络中心度,并确定他们所属的同伴团体,在此基础上考察同伴团体的行为规范对其问题行为的影响。结果发现：（1）在控制了班级层次的问题行为水平和其他相关变量后,同伴团体的问题行为水平能够正向预测青少年自身的问题行为;（2）青少年在同伴团体内部的地位能负向预测青少年的问题行为,青少年在班级社交网络中的度数中心度能正向预测其问题行为,而中介中心度能负向预测其问题行为;（3）交互作用分析表明：同伴团体的问题行为水平主要对低中介中心度的青少年产生显著影响;仅在问题行为水平较高的同伴团体中,青少年的度数中心度正向预测其问题行为。     

Psychiatric Distress and Suicidal Tendencies in Adult Cancer Survivors: Verifying the Validity of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 for Identifying Suicidal Ideation in the Hospitalized Population of Mainland China

The Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) is widely used to assess psychiatric distress but has not been verified in the Chinese population. From March to April 2019, 293 hospitalized cancer patients, aged 20–87, completed the cross-sectional survey with demographics questionnaire, BSI-18, and PHQ-9. We analyzed the single suicide-related item of PHQ-9 with the full score clinical outpoint for BSI-18 and PHQ-9 using SPSS 22.0 and R 2.15, including Pearson's χ² test and ROC curve analyses. A Pearson's χ² test was carried out to compare the three different methods with the gold screening criteria. The p-value was correspondingly to .006, .066, .838. When the PHQ-9?≥?10 criteria for the BSI-18, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that AUC values were 0.839, optimal cut-off points for both BSI-18?≥?50, the sensitivity of 85.8%, and 62.5%, respectively. The BSI-18 is suitable for a screening tool for psychological distress and could also be used in clinical settings for preliminary screening of hospitalized cancer patients.

     

A Concise History of Chinese Psychology of Religion

The history of religious thought and the history of human thought are closely interrelated, so the study of Chinese psychology of religion should pay attention to the study of Chinese history. In this paper, we summarize the history of Han Chinese psychology of religion in three stages from the perspectives of the history of Chinese thought, the history of Chinese religion, and the history of Chinese psychology. In the accumulation stage during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, debates about “human nature” were central to a psychology of religion. We hope that this will be helpful for the further study of Chinese psychology of religion.     

HBV相关肝细胞癌综合治疗中抗病毒的作用

分析抗病毒治疗在乙型肝炎病毒相关肝细胞癌的综合治疗中所起的作用.随着肝细胞癌治疗模式的转变,目前认为抗HBV治疗是HCC综合治疗的重要组成部分,应针对患者进行个体化、优化的多学科综合治疗,选择合适的高效、低耐药、低副作用的抗病毒药物,才能达到提高患者生活质量和延长生存时间的目的.     

发散思维的序列位置效应：创新想法动态产生机制的新视角

发散思维的序列位置效应是指随着时间的推移,单位时间内想法生成的数量逐渐降低,但想法的独创性逐渐升高的现象。联想理论和执行控制假说分别侧重对序列位置效应的个体差异和认知加工过程进行解释。神经影像学研究表明,在想法产生的整个阶段序列位置效应依赖于默认网络后部和突显网络的持续增强激活和协同合作;在想法产生的后期阶段,颞-顶区域alpha能量值以及执行控制网络与默认网络的协同模式增强。未来研究需要结合语义和神经动态分析等技术,对序列位置效应的特异性机制、动态加工机制以及影响因素进行深入探究,从而为解构创新思维的动态过程提供新的视角。     

Overestimation and contraction biases of depth information stored in working memory depend on spatial configuration

Depth perception is essential for effective interaction with the environment. Although the accuracy of depth perception has been studied extensively, it is unclear how accurate the depth information is stored in working memory. In this study, we investigated the accuracy and systematic biases of depth representation by a delayed estimation task. The memory array consisted of items presented at various stereoscopic depth positions, and the participants were instructed to estimate the depth position of one target item after a retention interval. We examined the effect of spatial configuration by comparing the memory performance in the whole-display condition where non-target memory items were present during retrieval with that in the single-display condition where non-target memory items were absent. In the single-display condition, we found an overestimation bias that the depth estimates were farther than the corresponding depth positions defined by disparity, and a contraction bias that the stored depth positions near the observer were overestimated and those far from the observer were underestimated. The magnitude of these biases increased with the number of to-be-stored items. However, in the whole-display condition, the overestimation bias was corrected and the contraction bias did not increase with the number of to-be-stored items. Our findings suggested that the number of to-be-stored items could affect the accuracy of depth working memory, and its effect depended crucially on whether the information of spatial configuration of memory display was available at the retrieval stage.     

科学警察何以跨学科说话？

蒲鹤年发表《“大实若虚”与“大伪似真”——丁肇中的“无知”与何祚庥的“无所不知”》说,物理学家丁肇中先生在接受采访或提问时,无论是本学科问题还是外学科问题,也无论提问者是业内人士还是业外人士,他最常给出的回答竟是三个字——“不知道”。而“何祚庥院士所到之处,都能从容不迫,侃侃而谈。”蒲文用两相比较的方法说事,用二人在学术成就上的差异隐喻两者人格的     

施特劳斯论德性与古今自由主义

施特劳斯批评现代自由主义放弃了对德性的追求,不再把自由与德性联系起来。以霍布斯为视角批评现代自由主义的过程中,施特劳斯指出,作为现代自由主义的奠基者,霍布斯修正了西方传统道德法则,用有利于和平的习惯取代了传统意义上有利于灵魂完美的德性,造成节制等严肃德性的丧失。以古代自由主义为视角批评现代自由主义的过程中,施特劳斯指出,自由的原初含义是追求德性,古代自由主义追求德性,但现代自由主义不再将自由与德性联系起来,甚至不再认为自由与德性有何联系。施特劳斯表明,现代自由主义对德性的弃绝是坚定彻底的。     

教学与他者的伦理:《论语·学而》首章解读

《论语》的阅读者已经不可能回到孔子与弟子相与切磋言谈的教学共同体中去了,然而,编纂者的文字书写却可以邀请无穷的未来读者参与到先王经典的持续生成中去。"子曰"不称"孔子曰",蕴含了《论语》处在经传之间的这种中介位置。从这个位置而来,"有朋自远方来"的快乐和"人不知而不愠"的仁恕,从一开始就为《论语》的教学之道奠定了面向他者敞开的伦理学基础。