Studies on the Basic Factors in Animal Fighting: VI. Inter-Species Coexistence in Birds

An attempt was made to investigate the hypothesis that type of abstract reasoning impairment was related to age. Forty brain damaged patients were divided into four age groups (30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60+) and evaluated by a concept identification task which yields data as to whether impairment is qualitative or quantitative. The results indicated that the greatest amount of qualitative type impairment occurred among the older brain damaged patients when compared with the other subjects.     

The cognitive advantage for one’s own name is not simply familiarity: An eye-tracking study

Eye-tracking technique and visual search task were employed to examine the cognitive advantage for one’s own name and the possible effect of familiarity on this advantage. The results showed that fewer saccades and an earlier start time of first fixations on the target were associated with trials in which participants were asked to search for their own name, as compared to search for personally familiar or famous names. In addition, the results also demonstrated faster response times and higher accuracy in the former kind of trials. Taken together, these findings provide important evidence that one’s own name has the potential to capture attention and that familiarity cannot account for this advantage.     

Mapping the time course of the positive classification advantage: An ERP study

The aim of the present study was to investigate the time course of the positive advantage in the expression classification of faces by recording event-related potentials (ERPs). Although neutral faces were classified more quickly than either happy or sad faces, a significant positive classification advantage (PCA)—that is, faster classification for happy than for sad faces—was found. For ERP data, as compared with sad faces, happy faces elicited a smaller N170 and a larger posterior N2 component. The P3 was modulated by facial expressions with higher amplitudes and shorter latencies for both happy and neutral stimuli than for sad stimuli, and the reaction times were significantly correlated with the amplitude and latency of the P3. Overall, these data showed robust PCA in expression classification, starting when the stimulus has been recognized as a face revealed by the N170 component.     

断指再植术后肝素抗凝治疗的风险评估

为了研究断指再植术后用肝素抗凝对再植成活率的影响,将112例因完全离断行断指再植术的患者随机分成两组,对照组术后连续应用肝素10天,试验组仅术后应用48小时,对比两组再植术后血管危象的发生率、成活率及活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT).结果显示试验组血管危象发生率10.7％、成活率94.6％,对照组血管危象发生率8.9％(P＞0.05)、成活率92.9％(P＞0.05).术后第10天试验组和对照组的APTT之间有差异(P＜0.05).所以术后长时间的应用肝素并不能降低血管危象的发生率,也不能提高再植的成活率,相反却会导致APTT延长.     

汉语形容词的性别编码及其对句子加工的影响

该研究采用图片启动和句子完成范式,考察汉语形容词的性别编码及对句子加工的影响.结果表明：（1）图片的性别信息对形容词性向判断具有重要影响;（2）形容词性向影响被试对句子主语的选择.被试倾向于选择与形容词性向一致的代词为句子主语.对中性形容词,被试选择句子主语的时间更长.整个研究表明,在汉语形容词加工中存在性别编码.     

Reading proficiency modulates parafoveal processing efficiency: Evidence from reading Chinese as a second language

In the present study, we manipulated different types of information available in the parafovea during the reading of Chinese sentences and examined how native Korean readers who learned Chinese as a second language make use of the parafoveal information. Results clearly indicate that, only identical and orthographically similar previews facilitated processing of the target words when they were subsequently fixated. More critically, more parafoveal information was obtained by subjects with higher reading proficiency. These results suggest that, mainly low-level features of the parafoveal words are obtained by the non-native Chinese readers and less attentional resources are available for the readers with lower reading proficiency, thereby causing a reduction of the perceptual span.     

Antecedents and outcomes of career plateaus: The roles of mentoring others and proactive personality

Although mentoring others and career plateaus are both common experiences for seasoned employees, they are rarely examined together. In this study, we considered mentoring others as an antecedent of career plateaus and emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions as outcomes of career plateaus for mentors. We also examined the moderating role of mentors' proactive personality. Results of hierarchical regression analyses based on 188 mentoring dyads indicated that career-focused mentoring alleviated both hierarchical and job content plateauing perceptions. Mentors' proactive personality moderated the relationship between career-focused mentoring and hierarchical plateauing such that the negative relationship is stronger for low proactive personality mentors. Hierarchical plateaus were positively related to mentors' emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions whereas job content plateaus only positively related to turnover intentions. Proactive personality moderated the relationship between job content plateaus and mentors' work-related attitudes such that the positive relationships were stronger for more proactive mentors. The implications and future research suggestions are discussed.     

Transfer of orthogonal stimulus-response mappings to an orthogonal Simon task

When up-down stimulus locations are mapped to left-right keypresses, an overall advantage for the up-right/down-left mapping is often obtained that varies as a function of response eccentricity. This orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) effect also occurs when stimulus location is irrelevant, a phenomenon called the orthogonal Simon effect, and has been attributed to correspondence of stimulus and response code polarities. The Simon effect for horizontal stimulus-response (S-R) arrangements has been shown to be affected by short-term S-R associations established through the mapping used for a prior SRC task in which stimulus location was relevant. We examined whether such associations also transfer between orthogonal SRC and Simon tasks and whether correspondence of code polarities continues to contribute to performance in the Simon task. In Experiment 1, the orthogonal Simon effect was larger after practising with an up-right/down-left mapping of visual stimuli to responses than with the alternative mapping, for which the orthogonal Simon effect tended to reverse. Experiment 2 showed similar results when practice was with high (up) and low (down) pitch tones, though the influence of practice mapping was not as large as that in Experiment 1, implying that the short-term S-R associations acquired in practice are at least in part not modality specific. In Experiment 3, response eccentricity and practice mapping were shown to have separate influences on the orthogonal Simon effect, as expected if both code polarity and acquired S-R associations contribute to performance.     

系统生物学将会促进心身医学的发展

系统生物学是生命科学中的一个新兴领域,代表21世纪生物学的未来,在医学研究和应用方面具有无限的潜力,通过比较心身医学和系统生物学的相似之处,认为心身医学和系统生物学都具有系统性、整体性和动态性的特点,心身医学的研究若能与系统生物学相结合,将有可能从系统的角度诠释心身医学的致病机制,为心身医学的研究提供新的思路.     

如何看待腹腔镜阑尾切除术

随着微创技术的发展,腹腔镜阑尾切除术（1aparoscopic appendectomy,LA）正逐渐被广大医务工作者所接受,但现在仍然有很多人认为LA与传统开腹阑尾切除术（open appendectomy,OA）相比没有优势,而且LA价格昂贵,不适合推广。但是作为正在发展完善的新技术,很多证据表明LA与OA相比优势正在逐步增强。