新世纪20年国内结构方程模型方法研究与模型发展

新世纪前20年, 国内结构方程模型(SEM)方法研究主要涉及5个主题：模型发展、参数估计、模型评价、测量不变性及特殊数据处理, 特别是模型发展方面(即SEM的各种变式)有较多成果。对每个主题, 在简述背景知识的基础上, 系统总结了方法学研究发展及成果。最后也讨论了SEM的国外方法学研究进展和未来研究方向。     

Person–organization fit effects on organizational attraction: A test of an expectations-based model

This study investigates the mechanisms that explain why person–organization (PO) fit impacts organizational attraction. Adopting Edwards and Cable’s (2009) approach, an integrative model is developed around the idea that experiencing value congruence during the recruitment process perpetuates certain expectations about future work environments and employer relationships. These expectations in turn have a positive impact on organizational attraction. Evidence from a longitudinal study on a sample of job seekers suggests that expected opportunities for value expression and need fulfillment offered the most viable explanations of value congruence effects. The implications of important observed differences in the experience of PO fit between job seekers and full-time employees are discussed.     

The Impact of Trait Anxiety on Self‐frame and Decision Making

The present study investigated how trait anxiety influenced the formation of a self‐frame and decision making. Participants (N = 1044) responded to the Trait Anxiety Inventory. Those with trait anxiety scores ±1 Z score from the sample mean (N = 328) were recalled to respond to the self‐frame questionnaire. The results suggested that trait anxiety differences could result in differences in the editing of decision‐making information, thereby influencing the risky choice. Compared with the low trait anxiety group, participants from the high trait anxiety group showed a greater tendency to use negative vocabulary to construct their self‐frame and tended to choose conservative plans. Self‐frame suppressed the influence of trait anxiety on decision making. These results further confirmed the hypothesis that individual differences in personality traits might influence the processing of information in a framed decision task. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鼻烟窝皮瓣修复拇指大面积皮肤缺损的临床应用

探讨鼻烟窝皮瓣在修复拇指大面积皮肤缺损中的方法和治疗效果。从2008年1月～2013年10月间应用桡动脉在解剖鼻烟窝穿支为血管蒂的鼻烟窝皮瓣,逆行修复拇指大面积皮肤缺损26例,年龄17岁～55岁。术后平均随访时间25个月,皮瓣全部成活。皮瓣色泽及质地与健侧拇指背侧皮肤相近,拇指活动度基本正常。因此,鼻烟窝皮瓣是一种简便经济、效果理想、患者易于接受的术式,适合应用于拇指大面积皮肤缺损的治疗。     

作为一种分析哲学的数理逻辑——以相对可计算性与随机性概念研究为例

对于现代逻辑的运用是分析哲学的一大特征。分析哲学与现代逻辑甚至具有共同的起源:不仅分析哲学与现代逻辑的奠基者是同一批人,他们曾面对的还是同样的问题,并为此开发出我们所熟知的研究形态。然而,分析哲学和现代逻辑(尤其是数理逻辑)后来的发展似乎走上了不同的道路。笔者则希望论证当代数理逻辑研究仍然保留了分析哲学解决问题的形态——语言分析——的主要特征。论证主要基于两则案例分析,一个是对埃米尔·波斯特(Emil Post)关于可计算性理论的开创性工作,另一个是佩尔·马丁–洛夫(Per Martin-L?f)等人在随机性概念方面的工作。笔者还将进一步提议,仍然存在着一些值得当代分析哲学家和数理逻辑共同关心的问题。     

论元结构的焦点和重音关系对话语理解的影响

本研究采用韵律合适度判断和理解任务,通过两个实验探讨论元结构的焦点和重音之间的关系对话语理解的影响。实验通过操纵答句中的论元是否出现在问句中,变化问句的信息状态;通过操纵答句不同句子成份重读,变化答句的重读位置。实验结果发现:新论元负载焦点必须重读;重读论元将焦点投射到句子的高一级单元上,但动词必须重读;旧论元不负载焦点不必重读,但负载焦点的动词必须重读。     

夫妻生活事件、归因方式及其与婚姻冲突的关系

探讨夫妻生活事件、归因方式及其与婚姻冲突的关系。采用方便取样,选取辽阳市已婚完整家庭1～10年的夫妻620对进行调查。结果表明:夫妻报告的前三项冲突领域是家务琐事、不良习惯和交流解决问题方面;妻子和丈夫报告的生活事件解释了婚姻冲突15.4%和11.9%的变异,归因解释了28.7%和24.7%的变异;归因在夫妻报告的生活事件和婚姻冲突中起部分中介作用。     

Changes in cue-induced, prefrontal cortex activity with video-game play

Brain responses, particularly within the orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices, to Internet video-game cues in college students are similar to those observed in patients with substance dependence in response to the substance-related cues. In this study, we report changes in brain activity between baseline and following 6 weeks of Internet video-game play. We hypothesized that subjects with high levels of self-reported craving for Internet video-game play would be associated with increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, particularly the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex. Twenty-one healthy university students were recruited. At baseline and after a 6-week period of Internet video-game play, brain activity during presentation of video-game cues was assessed using 3T blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Craving for Internet video-game play was assessed by self-report on a 7-point visual analogue scale following cue presentation. During a standardized 6-week video-game play period, brain activity in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex of the excessive Internet game-playing group (EIGP) increased in response to Internet video-game cues. In contrast, activity observed in the general player group (GP) was not changed or decreased. In addition, the change of craving for Internet video games was positively correlated with the change in activity of the anterior cingulate in all subjects. These changes in frontal-lobe activity with extended video-game play may be similar to those observed during the early stages of addiction.     

Conceptual and measurement issues of the complementarity dimension of the coach–athlete relationship across cultures

ObjectivesGrounded in the 3Cs model of the coach–athlete relationship, this multi-study outlined the development of two scales that measure coaches' dominant behaviors and athletes' submissive behaviors.Method & resultsIn study 1, a pool of items was generated based on relevant literatures and interviews. The item pool was then assessed by an expert panel including academics, athletes and coaches. In Study 2 and Study 3, construct and criterion validity, as wells as internal reliability of the refined items were tested with a sample of elite coaches and athletes. Analyses revealed that Coach Dominant Behavior Scale (CDB-S) and Athlete Submissive Behavior Scale (ASB-S) possessed sound psychometric properties. In Study 4, the measurement invariance of the 10-item ASB-S was assessed across gender and five countries: Britain, China, Greece, Spain, and Sweden. Results supported the full structural invariance of the ASB-S.ConclusionOverall, the items of both CDB-S and ASB-S were found to be psychometrically sound. The discussion highlights the contributions these findings make on both conceptual and measurement levels as well as the opportunities it opens up for research with practical relevance.     

The role of affect in the decision to exercise: Does being happy lead to a more active lifestyle?

ObjectiveThis study investigated the influence of affect on individuals' intentions to engage in physical activities such as exercise. Behavior intentions were examined through the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).MethodAn experimental survey was conducted among 153 undergraduates randomly assigned to three conditions – positive affect, neutral, and negative affect. Key variables from the TPB were assessed across these conditions.ResultsAnalyses showed that participants in the positive affect and the negative affect conditions reported lower intentions to exercise than those in the neutral condition. Participants in the negative affect condition also reported more unfavorable attitudes toward exercise than their positive or neutral counterparts. Other TPB measures remained stable across the three conditions. In particular, perceived behavioral control and attitude were significant predictors of behavior intention in the pooled sample.ConclusionThese results underline the important role that affect, especially negative affect, plays in individuals' decision to exercise. Rational models for health behavior change, such as the TPB, should take into account the impact of affect.