储存负荷量对内隐记忆效果的影响

为了解储存负荷量对内隐记忆效果的影响而进行本实验研究。实验采用Jacoby过程分离程序范式,用英文辅音字母组成无意义字母串作记忆实验材料,用彼德生的减数干扰分心技术。结果发现：储存负荷量对内隐记忆效果的影响与外显记忆的不同,随着储存负荷量的增加,内隐记忆即自动性提取的作用先下降,后又有所上升,最后渐趋稳定,在负荷量为6以后保持在一个相当稳定的水平。本实验对内隐记忆研究具有参考价值。     

Personality expression in Chinese language use

To date, little research has investigated personality expressions in languages other than English. Given that the Chinese language has the largest number of native speakers in the world, it is vitally important to examine the associations between personality and Chinese language use. In this research, we analysed Chinese microblogs and identified word categories and factorial structures associated with personality traits. We also compared our results with previous findings in English and showed that linguistic expression of personality has both universal‐ and language‐specific aspects. Expression of personality via content words is more likely to be consistent across languages than expression via function words. This makes an important step towards uncovering universal patterns of personality expression in language.     

Frege's Begriffsschrift is Indeed First-Order Complete

It is widely taken that the first-order part of Frege's Begriffsschrift is complete. However, there does not seem to have been a formal verification of this received claim. The general concern is that Frege's system is one axiom short in the first-order predicate calculus comparing to, by now, standard first-order theory. Yet Frege has one extra inference rule in his system. Then the question is whether Frege's first-order calculus is still deductively sufficient as far as the first-order completeness is concerned. In this short note we confirm that the missing axiom is derivable from his stated axioms and inference rules, and hence the logic system in the Begriffsschrift is indeed first-order complete.     

Exploring the Correlates of Individual Willingness to Engage in Ideologically Motivated Cyberattacks

In the last few years, there has been an increase in the use of Web defacements, where individuals post political or ideological messages on websites in place of the original content. There is generally little research on the predictors of Web defacements against either domestic or foreign targets. This study addresses this gap by examining the attitudinal and behavioral correlates of willingness to engage in defacements using a sample of university students in Taiwan and the United States. The findings demonstrate that political attitudes toward marginalized groups and support for cybercrime increase individuals’ willingness to engage in defacements.     

Iron in solution with aluminum matrix after non-equilibrium processing: an atom probe tomography study

In this paper, we report on the influence of rapid solidification and severe plastic deformation on the solid solubility of Fe in Al. Atom probe tomography, for the first time, was performed on fine (3–4 μm diameter) and coarse (~100 μm) as-atomised Al-5 at.% Fe powder and cryomilled Al-5 at.% Fe powder. The atomised powders exhibited negligible Fe in solution with Al, whereas the cryomilled powder contained ~2 at.% Fe in solution. Moreover, our results suggest that severe plastic deformation is preferable to atomisation/rapid solidification for increasing the non-equilibrium solid solubility of Fe in Al.     

结果呈现对决策过程影响的眼动模式

采用眼动追踪技术探究了在一般决策过程中决策者的眼动规律和结果呈现对决策的影响。结果表明,在决策过程中,收益信息比概率信息更受决策者关注;决策者的注视点在选项内转换多于在选项间转换;决策前的眼动指标对最终的选择有很强的预测作用,决策者会在最终选择的选项上投入更多认知资源;结果的呈现使风险偏好型决策者在决策获益后趋于保守,更关注低风险选项;而风险回避型决策者在决策获益后会变得敢于冒险。     

Unable to be a Human Being in Front of Other People: A Qualitative Study of Self-Isolation Among People Living with HIV/AIDS in China

In China, acute stigma accompanying an HIV diagnosis can lead to self-isolation. In a cultural setting where family relationships are highly valued and contribute critically to well-being, such self-isolation can thwart HIV self-management and engagement in medical care, and so heighten risk for health disparities. To understand this phenomenon, we conducted individual in-depth interviews with 34 persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLwHA) in Shanghai and Beijing. Inductive content analysis revealed a range of forms of self-isolation motivation, beliefs, and behaviors influenced by: 1) internalized stigma and desire to avoid discrimination; 2) HIV-related factors such as HIV knowledge and disease progression; and 3) familial factors such as a sense of responsibility and family members’ reactions. Based on a proposed framework centering on dialectical family influences (whereby PLwHA are pushed away from, yet pulled toward the family fold), implications for provision of multidisciplinary care in medical settings are considered, including culturally appropriate strategies to decrease health disparities.     

Fast and frugal heuristics and naturalistic decision making: a review of their commonalities and differences

Both the fast and frugal heuristics (FFHs) and the naturalistic decision making (NDM) research programmes have identified important areas of inquiry previously neglected in the traditional study of human judgment and decision making, and have greatly contributed to the understanding of people's real-world decision making under environmental constraints. The two programmes share similar theoretical arguments regarding the rationality, optimality, and role of experience in decision making. Their commonalities have made them appealing to each other, and efforts have been made, by their leading academics, to promote synergy and integration. However, there has been little progress towards this during the last decade. This paper seeks to address this gap by seeking to better understand their commonalities and differences. To do so, literature relating to the two programmes is reviewed. The findings of the review indicated that an integration of the two could enhance FFHs' field research in applied settings, facilitate its investigation on boundary conditions of people's decision strategy selection, enable NDM to embrace emerging research opportunities in the age of big data, as well as permit each programme to enlighten the research topics and to validate the research findings of the other.