Crossover of Weekly Work Engagement Among Dual-Working Couples

Purpose

Based on crossover theory and the actor-partner interdependence model, the purpose of this study was to investigate the crossover process of work engagement among Chinese dual-working couples.

Design/Methodology/Approach

Fifty-one dual-working couples first completed a general questionnaire to collect basic demographic information and then completed a weekly diary over five consecutive work weeks.

Findings

The results of multilevel analyses showed that (1) actor’s work engagement had a significant impact on his or her own work performance, (2) communication quality between the dual-working couples moderated the crossover of work engagement, but this effect was only found from husbands to wives and when women scored high on communication quality, (3) when men were treated as actors, the actor’s work engagement interacted with communication quality to relate to the partner’s work performance, through the mediating mechanism of the partner’s work engagement.

Implications

Dual-working couples should communicate with each other frequently through sharing positive experiences, and each member of the couple should support the partner through concrete actions. Organizations should adequately facilitate employees’ engagement, as engaged employees can not only positively influence their colleagues but also their partners at home.

Originality/Value

Previous research on work engagement has focused mainly on static and cross-sectional studies, and most studies on crossover have been conducted primarily in the context of western cultures, whereas systematic and empirical study of oriental cultures, especially Chinese cultures, is relatively scarce. The current study explored the crossover process of work engagement among Chinese dual-working couples using a diary study methodology.

     

Iron in solution with aluminum matrix after non-equilibrium processing: an atom probe tomography study

In this paper, we report on the influence of rapid solidification and severe plastic deformation on the solid solubility of Fe in Al. Atom probe tomography, for the first time, was performed on fine (3–4 μm diameter) and coarse (~100 μm) as-atomised Al-5 at.% Fe powder and cryomilled Al-5 at.% Fe powder. The atomised powders exhibited negligible Fe in solution with Al, whereas the cryomilled powder contained ~2 at.% Fe in solution. Moreover, our results suggest that severe plastic deformation is preferable to atomisation/rapid solidification for increasing the non-equilibrium solid solubility of Fe in Al.     

结果呈现对决策过程影响的眼动模式

采用眼动追踪技术探究了在一般决策过程中决策者的眼动规律和结果呈现对决策的影响。结果表明,在决策过程中,收益信息比概率信息更受决策者关注;决策者的注视点在选项内转换多于在选项间转换;决策前的眼动指标对最终的选择有很强的预测作用,决策者会在最终选择的选项上投入更多认知资源;结果的呈现使风险偏好型决策者在决策获益后趋于保守,更关注低风险选项;而风险回避型决策者在决策获益后会变得敢于冒险。     

Unable to be a Human Being in Front of Other People: A Qualitative Study of Self-Isolation Among People Living with HIV/AIDS in China

In China, acute stigma accompanying an HIV diagnosis can lead to self-isolation. In a cultural setting where family relationships are highly valued and contribute critically to well-being, such self-isolation can thwart HIV self-management and engagement in medical care, and so heighten risk for health disparities. To understand this phenomenon, we conducted individual in-depth interviews with 34 persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLwHA) in Shanghai and Beijing. Inductive content analysis revealed a range of forms of self-isolation motivation, beliefs, and behaviors influenced by: 1) internalized stigma and desire to avoid discrimination; 2) HIV-related factors such as HIV knowledge and disease progression; and 3) familial factors such as a sense of responsibility and family members’ reactions. Based on a proposed framework centering on dialectical family influences (whereby PLwHA are pushed away from, yet pulled toward the family fold), implications for provision of multidisciplinary care in medical settings are considered, including culturally appropriate strategies to decrease health disparities.     

Fast and frugal heuristics and naturalistic decision making: a review of their commonalities and differences

Both the fast and frugal heuristics (FFHs) and the naturalistic decision making (NDM) research programmes have identified important areas of inquiry previously neglected in the traditional study of human judgment and decision making, and have greatly contributed to the understanding of people's real-world decision making under environmental constraints. The two programmes share similar theoretical arguments regarding the rationality, optimality, and role of experience in decision making. Their commonalities have made them appealing to each other, and efforts have been made, by their leading academics, to promote synergy and integration. However, there has been little progress towards this during the last decade. This paper seeks to address this gap by seeking to better understand their commonalities and differences. To do so, literature relating to the two programmes is reviewed. The findings of the review indicated that an integration of the two could enhance FFHs' field research in applied settings, facilitate its investigation on boundary conditions of people's decision strategy selection, enable NDM to embrace emerging research opportunities in the age of big data, as well as permit each programme to enlighten the research topics and to validate the research findings of the other.     

Influence of school-level and family-level variables on Chinese college students’ aggression

With the frequent occurrence of campus violence, scholars have devoted increasing attention to college students’ aggression. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of aggression in Chinese university students and identify factors that could influence their aggression. We can thus find methods to reduce the incidence of college students’ aggression in the future. A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was used to select university students (N = 4565) aged 16–25 years in Harbin. The Aggression Questionnaire, the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist and the Social Support Revalued Scale were used to collect data. Females reported lower levels of aggression than males (p < .001). A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of factors of aggression, and the model was highly significant (R² = .233, Ad R² = .230, p < .01). The results show that the aggression is affected by gender, family-level and school-level variables. Aggression scores are significantly correlated with not only family-level or school-level variables independently, but their combination as well. We find that the risk factors for aggression include a dissatisfying profession, higher levels of study pressure, poor parental relationships, poor interpersonal relationships, the presence of siblings, punishment, health maladjustment, less subjective support, and lower levels of utilization of social support.     

自我对跨期决策的影响——基于个人-集体主义文化视角

跨期决策是指发生在不同时期的收益和成本的权衡决策。已有研究发现, 决策者的自我意识对跨期决策有着重要影响, 个人?集体主义文化在自我形成中起着重要作用, 但当文化因素被纳入自我对跨期决策影响的研究中时, 三者间的关系显得模糊不清。为了从已有文献中厘清三者间的理论关系, 我们基于个人?集体主义文化视角, 综述了自我对跨期决策影响的相关研究：介绍了跨期决策的相关概念及理论, 详细阐述了跨期决策中的两种自我理论(多重自我模型和自我连续性模型), 探讨了个人?集体主义文化对自我的影响, 并简要介绍了个人主义与集体主义文化下人们的跨期决策偏好差异及其心理机制。最后, 分别从研究内容、研究方法与实际应用三个方面, 提出了将个人?集体主义文化这一因素纳入自我对跨期决策影响过程、系统地考虑三者间关系的研究构想, 以期为未来研究提供新的思路, 深化人们对跨期决策机制的理解。     

美术专业与普通专业学生对中西方绘画作品的审美认知差异

审美认知是人类最高级最复杂的心理活动之一,在美育中具有重要的作用。本研究采用不同艺术类别及情绪效价的作品图片,考察美术专业与普通专业大学生对中西方绘画作品的审美认知差异。结果发现：美术专业学生与普通学生对西方画的审美认知差异极其显著,且美术专业学生对西方画产生的美感显著强于普通学生;而两类学生对中国画的审美认知差异并不显著;对于不同风格的绘画作品,两类学生都存在着审美偏好,且审美偏好一致,都对中国画产生的美感更为强烈;两类学生的审美认知反应时间差异极其显著,专业学生总体上要比普通学生进行更多更复杂的审美认知加工活动。研究表明,审美认知具有较强的可塑性,对于美育心理学的发展具有重要的价值。     

活力：一个历久弥新的研究课题

活力是指个体能够运用身体和心理的能量, 展现富有生机的精神面貌而且行动有力。当个体有活力时, 会体验到源自自体的一种激情、生机和能量。活力的典型成分是能量、警醒和生机。当前, 活力对个体的影响研究主要体现在身心健康、工作和学习领域以及人生幸福等方面。对活力的影响因素研究主要集中在体育锻炼、冥想、外在物理环境以及人际环境等方面。在今后的研究中, 要加强对活力的理论建构、深入开展实证研究、应用研究以及本土化研究。     

左前额叶与趋近动机加工的关系

在加工正性情绪时, 前额叶左侧激活水平大于右侧。而正性情绪往往伴随着趋近动机。因此为了探索这种现象反映的究竟是正性情绪加工还是趋近动机加工, 文章总结了两个研究领域中的有关证据：来自特质或状态愤怒情绪与左前额叶相对激活关系领域的研究证据和来自身体姿势变化(包括整体姿势变化和单侧肌肉紧缩)对左前额叶相对激活的影响领域的研究证据。前者的一致发现是：左前额叶参与加工由愤怒情绪引发的趋近动机。后者的一致发现是：不同的身体姿势能够改变左前额叶的相对激活水平。两种领域的研究证据汇聚起来证明左前额叶参与加工趋近动机。文章还指出了将来研究的注意事项和可能方向：精确定义回避型愤怒; 探索愤怒情绪是否在加工晚期诱发趋近或回避动机; 探索不同方式诱发的趋近动机是否在脑机制上存在差异。