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121.
The Ability of Face Viewpoint Transformation Remains Immature at Age of 12: Evidence from Recognition of Faces with Different Familiarity in Children 下载免费PDF全文
Children are immature in face recognition, particularly in face configural decoding. This study examines the developmental difference of face recognition in another mechanism: viewpoint transformation processing. Adults and sixth‐grade children were instructed to match a series of one‐tone black face silhouettes to their corresponding front‐view faces. This task involves sophisticated calculation in pictorial information, precise viewpoint transformation, and most probably a 3‐D face representation. The results showed that although the performances were well above chance level in the recognition of familiar faces, for children, they were at chance level in the recognition of unfamiliar faces. The results indicate that children, at least to the age of about 12 years, are still immature in the processing of face viewpoint transformation compared to adults. 相似文献
122.
随着网络教学和视频学习的普及, 近期大量研究关注视频学习过程中教师角色的作用。真人教师对学习的作用存在不同的理论解释:准社会交往理论、社会存在理论和社会代理理论支持真人教师能够促进学习; 而多媒体学习认知理论、认知负荷理论等则认为教师的存在会阻碍视频学习。汇总以往实证研究发现:第一, 教师对视频学习效果有比较弱的促进效应, 这主要体现在保持测验(d = 0.23)和迁移测验(d = 0.1)中; 第二, 教师对视频学习主观体验的影响主要体现在学习感知(d = 0.49), 学习兴趣(d = 0.5)和学习满意度(d = 2.21)上, 显示中等及大的效应; 第三, 教师的存在会降低学习者对视频学习材料的注视时间(d = -2.02)。未来研究仍需要从真人教师呈现方式、学习者特征、学习材料特征以及测量方式等方面加以探讨。 相似文献
123.
124.
In four samples of adults, individual income was negatively associated with a measure of prefrontal cortex dysfunction even after implementing controls for age, sex, and education. The small association was stronger for men than for women. These results provide support for a neuroeconomic approach to the study of micro-economic variables. 相似文献
125.
In a replication study, purchasing books online by 137 state college students was predicted by computer/Internet skills. 相似文献
126.
Atsushi Kimura Jiale Yang Ippeita Dan So Kanazawa 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2010,105(3):256-263
We explored infants’ ability to recognize the canonical colors of daily objects, including two color-specific objects (human face and fruit) and a non-color-specific object (flower), by using a preferential looking technique. A total of 58 infants between 5 and 8 months of age were tested with a stimulus composed of two color pictures of an object placed side by side: a correctly colored picture (e.g., red strawberry) and an inappropriately colored picture (e.g., green-blue strawberry). The results showed that, overall, the 6- to 8-month-olds showed preference for the correctly colored pictures for color-specific objects, whereas they did not show preference for the correctly colored pictures for the non-color-specific object. The 5-month-olds showed no significant preference for the correctly colored pictures for all object conditions. These findings imply that the recognition of canonical color for objects emerges at 6 months of age. 相似文献
127.
Facial electromyography (EMG) is a useful physiological measure for detecting subtle affective changes in real time. A time
series of EMG data contains bursts of electrical activity that increase in magnitude when the pertinent facial muscles are
activated. Whereas previous methods for detecting EMG activation are often based on deterministic or externally imposed thresholds,
we used regime-switching models to probabilistically classify each individual’s time series into latent “regimes” characterized
by similar error variance and dynamic patterns. We also allowed the association between EMG signals and self-reported affect
ratings to vary between regimes and found that the relationship between these two markers did in fact vary over time. The
potential utility of using regime-switching models to detect activation patterns in EMG data and to summarize the temporal
characteristics of EMG activities is discussed. 相似文献
128.
Guorong Yang 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2006,1(1):102-113
Luo Congyan put forward the idea that benevolence is the substance while righteousness is its function, which placed the intrinsic
value of human beings on a more fundamental position and affirmed the unity of benevolent principle and universal norms from
the perspective of the relationship between substance and function. The unity of benevolence and righteousness involves the
connection between value and norms, and the latter relate to the relationship between morality and law in the broader sense.
On the basis of the idea of using both benevolence and righteousness, Luo Congyan examined the relationship between morality
and law. Corresponding to the emphasis on the role of both law and political power, Luo Congyan concerned himself with how
to establish rational interpersonal relationships in various ways. Furthermore, Luo Congyan emphasized the significance of
behavior in everyday life, while he affirmed that the universal principle should be followed. In this way, he developed the
earlier Confucian thought.
Translated from Studies in Ethics by Xiao Mo 相似文献
129.
130.
The effect of emotion-focused orientation at retrieval on emotional memory in young and older adults
This study examines how emotion-focused orientation at retrieval affects memory for emotional versus neutral images in young and older adults. A total of 44 older adults (ages 61–84 years, M=70.00, SD=5.54) and 43 young adults (ages 17–33 years, M=20.58, SD=3.72) were tested on their free recall and forced-choice recognition of images. At retrieval the emotion-focused orientation was manipulated by instructing participants to focus on emotion-related information (i.e., emotional content of images and the emotional reactions evoked by the images). In the control conditions participants were either instructed to focus on visual information or not provided any specific orientation instruction. In free recall but not forced-choice recognition, the emotion-focused orientation increased young adults’ positivity bias and thus wiped out their superior negativity bias. However, the emotion-focused orientation did not affect older adults’ emotional memory. The data suggest that young adults activate and prioritise emotional goals in response to external demand during intentional information processing whereas older adults seem to spontaneously tune themselves to emotional goals. 相似文献