发展性阅读障碍书写加工缺陷及其神经机制

发展性阅读障碍是学习障碍的主要类型之一, 严重影响个体认知、情感与社会适应性的发展。书写与阅读关系密切, 阅读障碍者常常表现出书写加工缺陷。在行为层面, 阅读障碍者书写缺陷表现在书写质量差、速度慢和停顿多等多个方面。在脑机制层面, 脑成像研究发现, 阅读障碍者书写加工缺陷与字形加工脑区活动, 以及字形与运动区脑功能与结构连接异常有关。总体而言, 阅读障碍者书写过程中的字形通达缺陷的证据比较充分, 但字形与运动编码的衔接以及运动执行是否存在困难, 尚缺乏研究证据。相对于字母语言, 书写与阅读的关系在汉语中更为紧密, 汉语阅读障碍的书写研究将为开发汉语特色的诊治方案提供重要指导。     

敦煌寺学与敦煌佛教入门读物之关系探析

寺学是晚唐归义军时期敦煌教育的一种特殊而重要的形式,但在寺学使用什么样的教材方面,学者们大都拘泥于传统的儒家典籍,未认识到寺学以佛学教育为主这一性质。佛教入门读物,就是以宣传和普及佛教常识为目的,部分或系统介绍佛教名数、义理知识,使初学者得到基本佛教常识的书籍。本文通过对二者特点的分析,来探究它们之间的关系。     

浅析元代道教思想对倪云林艺术之影响

倪云林是中国绘画史上著名的文人画家,其绘画思想以及所表达的意蕴方面的研究成果颇多.他接受道家的出世思想,并影响到他的人生艺术观,以书画艺术宣泄其压抑的情感,寄寓自己的才情、心志、意趣,不仅化变出自己的面貌,表现出卓越的才华,同时也成为中国山水画史上高逸一路画风的最高峰,真可谓是空前而绝后.     

辨章学术,考镜源流之佳作——《增注新修道藏目录》评介

中国传统目录学始于西汉,以刘向、刘歆父子编著的<别录>和<七略>为标志.一般认为,"目"的含义是对篇目而言,即一书的篇和卷的名称."录"是叙录,即将一书的内容、作者事迹、书之评价和校勘经过等,写成简明扼要的文字.<汉书·艺文志>说刘向校书"每一书已,向辄条篇目,撮其指意,录而奏之".     

积极完美主义的调节作用研究

本研究以抑郁、焦虑为心理健康的消极指标,以自尊、生活满意度为心理健康的积极指标,探讨积极完美主义对消极完美主义与心理健康的调节作用。结果表明,积极完美主义的调节作用显著,表现为高积极完美主义条件下,消极完美主义与四个心理健康指标之间的联系更为密切,说明高积极完美主义增强了消极完美主义对心理健康的影响,低积极完美主义能缓冲消极完美主义对心理健康的影响。     

论环境伦理学的两种探究模式

环境伦理学既是一种道德哲学,也是一种应用伦理学,由此致使一些人对环境伦理学的身份感到困惑,并对环境伦理学的合法性提出了质疑.通过区分并说明环境伦理学的两种探究模式(即道德哲学模式与应用伦理学模式),试图解答人们关于环境伦理学之身份的困惑,并对环境伦理学的合法性进行辩护.     

Decreased parahippocampal activity in associative priming: evidence from an event-related fMRI study

In recent years, there has been intense debate on the neural basis of associative priming, particularly on the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in retrieving associative information without awareness. In this study, event-related fMRI was used while healthy subjects performed a perceptual identification task on briefly presented unrelated word pairs and an associative recognition memory task. Contamination of priming by explicit memory was successfully controlled, as associative priming and explicit memory were dissociated on the behavioral level. The fMRI results showed a functional dissociation within the MTL with respect to associative priming effects. The right parahippocampal cortex, but not the hippocampus, showed decreased activation for old vs. new pairs and old vs. recombined pairs (associative priming). The bilateral hippocampus and the right parahippocampal cortex were involved in explicit associative memory. These data provide evidence that subregions of the MTL participate in associative priming even when explicit involvement was controlled. Thus, different regions within the MTL play distinct roles in explicit and implicit associative memory.     

Stigma and beliefs of efficacy towards traditional Chinese medicine and Western psychiatric treatment among Chinese-Americans

In this study we examined community attitudes of efficacy and shame to investigate the factors that may underlie mental health service underutilization among Chinese Americans. We administered an experimental vignette to assess beliefs of efficacy and shame toward using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as opposed to Western health services in a sample of 90 Chinese Americans obtained through a national telephone survey. Contrary to predictions, beliefs of efficacy for treating mental disorders were found to be greater for Western psychiatric services when compared with TCM. As predicted however, Chinese Americans perceived greater community attitudes of shame when accessing Western psychiatric services as opposed to TCM to treat a mental disorder. Furthermore, these differences in community attitudes of shame only occurred among respondents who received a psychiatric condition vignette, but not with respondents who were administered a vignette of a physical disorder. These findings suggest that perceived shame may play an important role in help seeking and that integration of TCM with Western psychiatric care may have implications for reducing shame for Chinese Americans.