Physiological and psychological impacts on male medical interns during on-call duty

This study aimed to explore the physiological and psychological impacts on male medical interns during on-call duty (OCD). A prospective study of 13 medical interns was carried out using repeated testing during an on-call internal medicine and a duty-free course. There are 10 OCDs per month and each duty is composed of 33.5 consecutive work hours followed by 2 duty-free days for a time period of 3 months. Spectral analysis of R-R intervals was performed to evaluate the participants' heart rate variability. Among the three main spectral components distinguished, a high-frequency (HF) component of 0.15-0.4 Hz and a low-frequency component (LF) of 0.04-0.15 Hz were analyzed. The ratio of LF and HF (LF/HF) was also calculated. Reduced LF/HF, which suggests reduced cardiac sympathetic modulation, was found during duty night work. Increased HF was identified during the first sleep after OCD, which corresponded to the sleepiness scales. The OCD causes temporary emotional influence by the findings of higher anxiety and depression scores. In addition, inattention and impulsiveness, as represented by the continuous performance test score and lower nocturnal sympathetic modulation, were found, which indicated the differences between the internal medicine course and duty-free course. Our study suggests that 10 stressful on-call duties monthly result in reduced sympathetic modulation during duty night work, high anxiety and depression state, and a persistent inattention.     

Person–organization fit effects on organizational attraction: A test of an expectations-based model

This study investigates the mechanisms that explain why person–organization (PO) fit impacts organizational attraction. Adopting Edwards and Cable’s (2009) approach, an integrative model is developed around the idea that experiencing value congruence during the recruitment process perpetuates certain expectations about future work environments and employer relationships. These expectations in turn have a positive impact on organizational attraction. Evidence from a longitudinal study on a sample of job seekers suggests that expected opportunities for value expression and need fulfillment offered the most viable explanations of value congruence effects. The implications of important observed differences in the experience of PO fit between job seekers and full-time employees are discussed.     

作为一种分析哲学的数理逻辑——以相对可计算性与随机性概念研究为例

对于现代逻辑的运用是分析哲学的一大特征。分析哲学与现代逻辑甚至具有共同的起源:不仅分析哲学与现代逻辑的奠基者是同一批人,他们曾面对的还是同样的问题,并为此开发出我们所熟知的研究形态。然而,分析哲学和现代逻辑(尤其是数理逻辑)后来的发展似乎走上了不同的道路。笔者则希望论证当代数理逻辑研究仍然保留了分析哲学解决问题的形态——语言分析——的主要特征。论证主要基于两则案例分析,一个是对埃米尔·波斯特(Emil Post)关于可计算性理论的开创性工作,另一个是佩尔·马丁–洛夫(Per Martin-L?f)等人在随机性概念方面的工作。笔者还将进一步提议,仍然存在着一些值得当代分析哲学家和数理逻辑共同关心的问题。     

Changes in cue-induced, prefrontal cortex activity with video-game play

Brain responses, particularly within the orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices, to Internet video-game cues in college students are similar to those observed in patients with substance dependence in response to the substance-related cues. In this study, we report changes in brain activity between baseline and following 6 weeks of Internet video-game play. We hypothesized that subjects with high levels of self-reported craving for Internet video-game play would be associated with increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, particularly the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex. Twenty-one healthy university students were recruited. At baseline and after a 6-week period of Internet video-game play, brain activity during presentation of video-game cues was assessed using 3T blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Craving for Internet video-game play was assessed by self-report on a 7-point visual analogue scale following cue presentation. During a standardized 6-week video-game play period, brain activity in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex of the excessive Internet game-playing group (EIGP) increased in response to Internet video-game cues. In contrast, activity observed in the general player group (GP) was not changed or decreased. In addition, the change of craving for Internet video games was positively correlated with the change in activity of the anterior cingulate in all subjects. These changes in frontal-lobe activity with extended video-game play may be similar to those observed during the early stages of addiction.     

临终心理的理论和研究综述

死亡是人生生老病死必经的最后历程,对临终病人心理的研究,临终护理的探索有重大意义,本文从临终病人的心理及其发展状况,以及临终心理的调适等角度出发,对国内外的临终心理研究进行回顾,并对其中的理论和研究结果做出总结性分析,并对今后研究需要注意的方向加以讨论。     

Conceptual and measurement issues of the complementarity dimension of the coach–athlete relationship across cultures

ObjectivesGrounded in the 3Cs model of the coach–athlete relationship, this multi-study outlined the development of two scales that measure coaches' dominant behaviors and athletes' submissive behaviors.Method & resultsIn study 1, a pool of items was generated based on relevant literatures and interviews. The item pool was then assessed by an expert panel including academics, athletes and coaches. In Study 2 and Study 3, construct and criterion validity, as wells as internal reliability of the refined items were tested with a sample of elite coaches and athletes. Analyses revealed that Coach Dominant Behavior Scale (CDB-S) and Athlete Submissive Behavior Scale (ASB-S) possessed sound psychometric properties. In Study 4, the measurement invariance of the 10-item ASB-S was assessed across gender and five countries: Britain, China, Greece, Spain, and Sweden. Results supported the full structural invariance of the ASB-S.ConclusionOverall, the items of both CDB-S and ASB-S were found to be psychometrically sound. The discussion highlights the contributions these findings make on both conceptual and measurement levels as well as the opportunities it opens up for research with practical relevance.     

Crossover from bulk to surface diffusion in the fluctuations of step edges on Pt(111)

Using low-energy electron microscopy we explore the fluctuations of step edges on Pt(111) in the temperature range 1190?K<T<1520?K. Below 1400?K the relaxation times vary with wave vector q as q ³, and above 1400?K as q ², while the observed activation energy changes from 1.25 to 2.75?eV. A discussion shows that surface diffusion is responsible for the rates at low temperatures, and that bulk vacancy diffusion becomes dominant above 1400?K. We infer that a similar crossover must occur for steps on most metal surfaces. The step stiffness is determined as 175 ± 20?meV?nm^?1 at 1500?K.     

The alpha -> beta polytypic transformation in SiC induced by ball milling

The alpha -> beta polytypic transformation in SiC was observed during ball milling at room temperature. Microstructural evolution was characterized on an atomic scale by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). HREM observations showed that partial dislocations play an important role in the transformation under the complicated conditions during ball milling.     

婴儿自我认知发生再探

文章在纵向研究基础上,通过横向设计,采用实验室实验、情境观察和母亲访谈相结合的方法考察213名14～24个月婴儿自我认知(视觉和言语方面)的发生.结果表明:1)婴儿自我认知在15～24个月间发生,自我认知能力逐渐出现,随年龄增长而发展.2)视觉自我认知一般发生于第17个月;视觉自我认知无显著的性别差异.3)言语自我认知一般发生于第21个月;男婴言语自我认知获得时间晚于女婴,但在获得言语自我认知后,婴儿言语自我认知无性别差异.4)视觉自我认知对言语自我认知有正向预测作用,视觉自我认知发生早的婴儿,言语自我认知发生的也早.     

不同视角条件下条件推理任务和选择任务的反应模式

在不同视角条件下,要求被试先后完成选择任务和条件推理任务,考察被试在不同视角条件下对两种任务的反应模式。实验结果表明,提供强制情境下对立角色违反规则的信息时,两种任务的反应模式没有明显的关联;提供非强制情境下的反例信息时,两种任务的反应模式出现分离趋势;当对规则的语义关系进行充分非必要或必要非充分关系的解释时,两者又趋于一致。分析表明,被试采用多种策略完成选择任务,而是否采用条件推理的逻辑取决于特定情境能否激活这种逻辑。