The role of psychological resilience and positive affect in risky decision‐making

Past studies suggest that positive affect produces a wide range of desirable outcomes because it helps people build lasting resources. It may be assumed that these resources build on positive affect over time, which in turn may explain the beneficial effect of positive affect in stressful encounters. However, this assumption has not been directly tested by empirical studies. This question is important in that it helps clarify the underlying mechanism through which individuals with more positive affect might respond adaptively to adverse situations. Using a stressful task that included 20 rounds of risky investment choices, the current study examined whether psychological resilience, an important personal resource fuelled by positive affect, could account for the beneficial effects of positive affect. Specifically, we examined the relationship between individuals’ baseline levels of positive affect, their levels of psychological resilience, their choices in a risky investment decision task, and their levels of positive affect on the final investment task. The results demonstrate that psychological resilience could indeed help explain happier people's enhanced outcomes: They chose higher return although more risky investment options and experienced more positive affect at the end of the task. The current study supports the notion that individuals who experience frequent positive affect thrive through various challenges not simply because they feel good, but because they have resources that they can utilize to deal with these challenges. Findings from the present study support further investigation of the important relationship between specific positive affect, psychological resilience, and performance in risky investment tasks.     

Poly‐victimization and executive functions in junior college students

This study sought to characterize executive dysfunctions in poly‐victimized students without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the relationship between neuropsychological and behavioral rating measures of executive functions (EFs). Based on self‐report data of exposure to victimization and PTSD symptoms, 259 junior college students aged 18–21 years were classified into four groups: poly‐victimization with PTSD symptoms (PVP), poly‐victimization without PTSD symptoms (PVnP), non‐poly‐victimization (nPV), and non‐victimization (nV). Respondents also completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function‐Adult Version (BRIEF‐A). Of the 259 participants, 131 were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB). The PVP group and the PVnP group performed worse than the nV group on most BRIEF‐A scales. When compared with the nPV group, the PVP group demonstrated poorer performance on the scales of Inhibit, Shift, Emotional Control, Initiate, and Working Memory, while the PVnP group performed more poorly on the Working Memory scale and the Task Monitor scale. For all BRIEF‐A scales, no significant differences were detected between the PVP group and the PVnP group. This study showed no between‐group differences for most of the neuropsychological tests except for the Stop Signal Task (SST), and no correlations between these two measures of EFs. Overall, we found evidence of an association between deficits in EFs and poly‐victimization. Although our study raises questions about the relationship between these two measures of EFs, it suggests that the use of the BRIEF‐A in conjunction with the CANTAB provides a more complete assessment of the executive dysfunctions.     

I Share,Therefore I Am: A U.S.−China Comparison of College Students' Motivations to Share Information About Climate Change

This study examines social cognitive factors that influence information sharing related to climate change. Survey data were collected in the United States and China. Social and epistemic motivations, negative emotion, and information seeking were significant predictors of information sharing in the U.S. sample. In the Chinese sample, however, social motivation and information seeking were the only significant predictors. These results suggest that psychological collectivism fosters information sharing. For theory development purposes, these findings suggest that besides information seeking and processing, the Risk Information Seeking and Processing model could account for information sharing as well, although evidence only surfaced in the U.S. sample. Practically, this study offers important pathways to improve information sharing related to climate change in the public sphere.     

略论蒲益智旭的《辟邪集》对天主教天主观的批判

明末蒲益智旭的<辟邪集>采用以子之矛攻子之盾的办法作为论辩策略,对当时传入中国的天主教给予了全面而锐利的批判,以对天主教天主观的批判作为核心,尤其是对天主全能以及恶的来源的批判,可谓击中了天主教的要害之处.     

发展性阅读障碍书写加工缺陷及其神经机制

发展性阅读障碍是学习障碍的主要类型之一, 严重影响个体认知、情感与社会适应性的发展。书写与阅读关系密切, 阅读障碍者常常表现出书写加工缺陷。在行为层面, 阅读障碍者书写缺陷表现在书写质量差、速度慢和停顿多等多个方面。在脑机制层面, 脑成像研究发现, 阅读障碍者书写加工缺陷与字形加工脑区活动, 以及字形与运动区脑功能与结构连接异常有关。总体而言, 阅读障碍者书写过程中的字形通达缺陷的证据比较充分, 但字形与运动编码的衔接以及运动执行是否存在困难, 尚缺乏研究证据。相对于字母语言, 书写与阅读的关系在汉语中更为紧密, 汉语阅读障碍的书写研究将为开发汉语特色的诊治方案提供重要指导。     

敦煌寺学与敦煌佛教入门读物之关系探析

寺学是晚唐归义军时期敦煌教育的一种特殊而重要的形式,但在寺学使用什么样的教材方面,学者们大都拘泥于传统的儒家典籍,未认识到寺学以佛学教育为主这一性质。佛教入门读物,就是以宣传和普及佛教常识为目的,部分或系统介绍佛教名数、义理知识,使初学者得到基本佛教常识的书籍。本文通过对二者特点的分析,来探究它们之间的关系。     

闲话“随缘”

本文通过佛教、道教、儒教、基督教有关内容的简单比较，肯定佛教道教传教活动所遵循的“随缘”规则，并以此劝诫基督教。同时，贬抑基督教“以神制人”的原始办法：褒扬儒学“以人治人”的理性思维。     

浅析元代道教思想对倪云林艺术之影响

倪云林是中国绘画史上著名的文人画家,其绘画思想以及所表达的意蕴方面的研究成果颇多.他接受道家的出世思想,并影响到他的人生艺术观,以书画艺术宣泄其压抑的情感,寄寓自己的才情、心志、意趣,不仅化变出自己的面貌,表现出卓越的才华,同时也成为中国山水画史上高逸一路画风的最高峰,真可谓是空前而绝后.     

辨章学术,考镜源流之佳作——《增注新修道藏目录》评介

中国传统目录学始于西汉,以刘向、刘歆父子编著的<别录>和<七略>为标志.一般认为,"目"的含义是对篇目而言,即一书的篇和卷的名称."录"是叙录,即将一书的内容、作者事迹、书之评价和校勘经过等,写成简明扼要的文字.<汉书·艺文志>说刘向校书"每一书已,向辄条篇目,撮其指意,录而奏之".     

积极完美主义的调节作用研究

本研究以抑郁、焦虑为心理健康的消极指标,以自尊、生活满意度为心理健康的积极指标,探讨积极完美主义对消极完美主义与心理健康的调节作用。结果表明,积极完美主义的调节作用显著,表现为高积极完美主义条件下,消极完美主义与四个心理健康指标之间的联系更为密切,说明高积极完美主义增强了消极完美主义对心理健康的影响,低积极完美主义能缓冲消极完美主义对心理健康的影响。