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161.
Yu Gao Adrian Raine Peter H. Venables Michael E. Dawson Sarnoff A. Mednick 《Developmental science》2010,13(1):201-212
Although fear conditioning is an important psychological construct implicated in behavioral and emotional problems, little is known about how it develops in early childhood. Using a differential, partial reinforcement conditioning paradigm, this longitudinal study assessed skin conductance conditioned responses in 200 children at ages 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 years. Results demonstrated that in both boys and girls: (1) fear conditioning increased across age, particularly from ages 5 to 6 years, (2) the three components of skin conductance fear conditioning that reflect different degrees of automatic and controlled cognitive processes exhibited different developmental profiles, and (3) individual differences in arousal, orienting, and the unconditioned response were associated with individual differences in conditioning, with the influence of orienting increasing at later ages. This first longitudinal study of the development of skin conductance fear conditioning in children both demonstrates that children as young as age 3 years evidence fear conditioning in a difficult acquisition paradigm, and that different sub-components of skin conductance conditioning have different developmental trajectories. 相似文献
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采用问卷法调查了39所学校的370名小学教师,运用多层线性模型在个体和组织的不同层面上对影响教师职业倦怠的因素进行了探讨。结果发现:(1)教师集体效能越高,情感衰竭、低个人成就感和人格解体的得分就越低;校长越关心人,教师的人格解体得分就越高;(2)教师集体效能越高或校长越关心工作,则教师效能对情感衰竭的负向作用就越弱;而校长越关心人,则教师效能对情感衰竭的负向作用就越强;(3)教师集体效能对教师职业倦怠的影响不因教师性别和教龄的不同而不同,但校长领导行为对教师职业倦怠的影响却出现了性别和教龄的差异:关心工作导致了女性的个人成就感更低,对改善高教龄教师的低个人成就感更为有利,而关心人对改善低教龄教师的成就感、人格解体的帮助更大。 相似文献
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社会和谐:契约精神与历史精神 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以罗尔斯肇始的关于政治正义的新论争表明:以多元良序为内容的社会和谐是当代人类政治文明、政治正义的核心价值.然而,社会和谐与社会正义一样,不仅有一个"何种和谐"的问题,亦有一个"何以和谐"的问题. 相似文献
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167.
中国文化中内隐自大对人际吸引力的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究考察了中国被试的内隐自大是否能够被激发从而影响人际吸引力。通过两个实验,研究者发现,在中国被试当中内隐自大不但会被被试自己的姓所激发,也能被被试母亲的姓所激发;被试会偏好那些和自己或者自己母亲的姓相似的对方,而这种偏好在遭遇自我概念威胁之后更加明显,而在受到自我肯定之后会受到抑制;对母亲概念的威胁和对自我概念的威胁作用基本类似。另外,母亲的姓比起被试自己的姓来,激发了被试更大更一致的受吸引程度。这说明母亲概念属于自我概念当中比较积极正面的一部分。 相似文献
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This paper begins with an explanation of the four Chinese characters that represent the project of the Garden of the Heart and Soul. This project was founded to help the psychological development of orphans, as well as to provide psychological relief for the victims of ecological disasters such as earthquakes through the use of Jungian psychology, sandplay therapy, and the psychology of the Heart. Eleven years after its founding, there are 83 work‐stations on mainland China. The authors discuss how the Chinese characters influenced the way they set up their project and the values that guide them. In addition to helping the individuation of the people they work with, their work provides a container for the collective psyche and a connection with the cultural archetypal roots. 相似文献
170.
Yu Tian Peipei Chen Weixuan Meng Xiangping Zhan Jun Wang Peng Wang Fengqiang Gao 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2019,60(6):637-645
This short‐term longitudinal study examined the reciprocal associations among shyness, interpersonal relationships, and loneliness in a sample of 361 Chinese college freshmen (138 male students, mean age = 18.57 years). A fully cross‐lagged panel design was used in which shyness, interpersonal relationships, and loneliness were assessed at three time points separated by 8 months. The results indicated that the associations among shyness, interpersonal relationships, and loneliness were dynamic and bidirectional. The self‐report scores and the pattern of cross‐lagged associations among shyness, interpersonal relationships, and loneliness were the same for male and female students at all three times. Implications for loneliness interventions and future research directions are provided. 相似文献