Monty Hall Dilemma的困难原因探讨

采用Monty Hall Dilemma的经典研究范式,探讨了大学生被试在不同提示条件下对MHD问题的解决情况,结果发现只有在条件关系提示下,MHD的作业成绩才得到了明显的改善,但是正确率也只有35.7%。这表明MHD问题困难的原因很可能是多方面的,如认为主持人的行为完全是随机事件,很难意识到参与者的最初选择与主持人打开特定盒子间的三种条件关系;多数被试作出选择的理由是非理性的,如“坚持第一选择,相信自己的直觉”;不能正确判断MHD问题的内在概率关系以及缺乏认真思考的动力等。     

图形相似比较中的加工模型:特征与结构的作用

本研究采用单一目标映射技术(one-shot mapping)设计实验考察了相似比较中的加工模型。实验结果表明:相似等级的判定对映射任务中结构映射没有显著性影响。相似加工不一定表现为基于结构的加工,基于特征的加工和基于结构的加工是相似加工中两种并行的加工模式。在反应时方面,基于结构的加工的反应时比基于特征的加工的反应时更长。     

条件推理的类比转换运用

该文通过2个实验研究旨在探究将演绎推理和类比推理结合在一起的四卡条件推理的类比转换运用的特点。结果表明：1）假设检验的条件推理过程在特定的实验条件下,表现出推理过程转换的心理加工特点;2）改善问题的陈述形式,使之和样例问题一样,能够降低推理过程转换的难度,促进推理过程转换的成绩;3）2个样例归纳的图式促进同形问题的解答,却对推理转换过程有抑制作用。     

Bull定理一个证明的注记

Blackburn等的ModalLogic是一部优秀的中高阶教材,但是该书中对Bull定理的证明存在着不少疏漏。本文对之进行了修正,同时给出关键步骤的简化证明。     

缅怀恩师何永祥

2010年10月5日,我接到湖北仙桃市沔城镇玄妙观师兄的电话,他告诉我恩师何永祥已于凌晨3点羽化登真,我立即乘火车南下。当我第二天赶到玄妙观时,恩师的仙体已坐入灵堂正中的一个大缸内。我跪拜在灵堂中的缸前,思容颜而莫睹,忆恩情以难忘,思潮翻滚,心生悲切,很想再看他最后一眼,碍于礼节与师兄们的劝阻未能遂心。     

中英文Stroop干扰效应的脑机制

以中国大学生为被试,采用事件相关电位对比研究中英文Stroop干扰效应的脑内时程动态变化。结果发现：两种文字材料都存在反应时的Stroop干扰效应,汉字的干扰效应明显强于英文;被试在完成不同文字材料的字词颜色命名任务时所诱发的ERP成分存在差异,具体为中文Stroop干扰效应表现为在350—550ms内,不一致条件比一致条件诱发一个更负的ERP成分（N450）,主要分布于额中部电极。英文Stroop干扰效应表现为不一致条件比一致条件在250—450ms内诱发一个更正的ERP成分（P300）,主要分布于左侧额顶叶;在450—550ms内诱发一个更负的ERP成分（N500）,主要分布于中后部。研究结果表明语言类型会影响Stroop干扰效应的脑内时程变化。     

Psychometric Properties of the Bullying Participant Behaviors Questionnaire (BPBQ) among Chinese Middle School Students

The Bullying Participant Behaviors Questionnaire (BPBQ) is an efficient self-report measure for investigating bullying participant role behaviors. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the BPBQ in a Chinese middle school sample. A total of 516 middle school students (47.7% girls; age range?=?12–14 years) were recruited from an urban middle school in China. Results revealed that a five-factor model fit the data best. Correlations between the BPBQ subscale scores and the external criterion variables, including empathy and sympathy, moral disengagement, and trait anger, provided evidence of criterion validity. Furthermore, the BPBQ had good alpha reliability and moderate to good test-retest reliability. In conclusion, the BPBQ is a promising assessment tool to measure bullying participant behaviors among Chinese middle school students.

     

高职学生心理健康问题研究

高职学生是中国高校学生中的一个特殊群体。职业化教育模式影响下的高职学生．面对的是学历教育与职业教育并举的教育,职业心理和学习心理折射出高职学生在职业定势、学习动机、成才抱负、人际关系、青春期回应等方面的诸多心理健康问题。本研究从问卷探源到本质归因,提出高职学生心理健康教育问题的具体应对策略和思考。     

Individual Differences in Brain Structure and Resting Brain Function Underlie Representation-Connection in Scientific Problem Solving

Evidence from a range of fields shows that representation-connection (RC) is the key step towards the solution of a real-world insight problem. However, no study has focused on the inter-individual variability in RC, and little is known about whether structural and resting-state functional signals can account for inter-individual differences in RC. Combining structural (regional grey matter density, rGMD) and functional (fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC)) analysis approaches was used to examine the neural substrates of RC. The results showed that the RC score was positively correlated with rGMD and fALFF values in the bilateral lingual gyrus (LG), which might be related to relevant visual imagery during the correct matching of a specific prototype with an unsolved technical problem and the retrieval and application of key information from prototypes. In addition, the RC score was negatively correlated with the rGMD in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and functional connectivity analysis revealed that a higher RC score was inversely correlated with the strength of the RSFC between the right LG and the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), which indicated that RC might be supported by decreased response inhibition and the automatic association of semantics.