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891.
The contribution deals with problems encountered during the psychiatric treatment of foreign patients, particularly with those from developing countries. It has been found that scope for socio- and psychotherapeutic treatment is very restricted and that the frequent necessity of returning these patients to their native countries leads to not unconsiderable conflicts. Questions of transcultural psychiatry are regaining importance in connection with increasing migration. 相似文献
892.
On three separate occasions, the authors taught at Gondar School of Medicine, attached to the University of Addis Ababa. They found that the neurological group of patients was determined by geographical rather than specifically tropical conditions, and that the psychiatric syndromes resembled those here, considerably influenced, however, by traditional rural medicine. The paper makes observations on comparative psychopathology. 相似文献
893.
894.
Dr. Gilberto N. O. Brito 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1987,15(4):511-518
Normative data for the Conners Abbreviated (10-item) Teacher Rating Scale (CATRS-10) derived from 1,068 children in Brazil are presented. Ratings of boys were higher than ratings of girls, and younger children had higher ratings than older children. Test-retest reliability data indicate that the CATRS-10 has acceptable reliability in Brazil but only when the same teacher rates the child at both test and retest (interval of 1 to 3 months). This study found that ratings at retest were significantly lower than ratings at first test whether or not the same teacher rated the child on both occasions. The CATRS-10 was shown to be a valid instrument in Brazil since children with behavioral problems requiring medical or psychological treatment were rated higher than children without such problems. 相似文献
895.
The role of causal connections in the retrieval of text 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
In two experiments, subjects read a series of passages, each containing two target concepts that appeared in widely separated positions within the passage. Following each passage, the time to retrieve each of these concepts was recorded. Several measures from both the Kintsch and van Dijk (1978) model and Trabasso and Sperry’s (1985) causal analysis were derived to predict retrieval time. Regression analyses showed that substantial proportions of variance were accounted for by measures derived from a causal analysis. Neither physical position nor measures based on the Kintsch and van Dijk model accounted for significant proportions of variance. Following Experiment 2, a reanalysis of O’Brien’s (1987) results revealed that the number of causal connections to an antecedent was a significant predictor of antecedent search time. Results are discussed in terms of a spread of activation through an integrated text representation in which causal connections play a major role. 相似文献
896.
A total of three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, the dose-dependent effects of the pretest administration of the serotonergic agonist alaproclate and the selective muscarinic cholinergic agonist oxotremorine, alone and in combination, were assessed in a one-trial inhibitory avoidance task. A clear dose-dependent enhancement of performance was demonstrated as a result of all three treatment conditions, which could not be explained in terms of nonspecific effects of the drugs on behavior in general. In addition, the facilitation of retrieval performance produced by the combined treatment of alaproclate and oxotremorine was observed at dose levels well below those observed following administration of either compound alone. In Experiment 2 attempts were made to block the enhancements of retention resulting from the different treatment conditions (alaproclate, oxotremorine, or the combination of alaproclate and oxotremorine) by pretreating the mice with either scopolamine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) or quipazine (a serotonergic agonist). The results of these experiments indicate that (a) quipazine completely blocked the enhancement of retrieval resulting from alaproclate but not that following oxotremorine or oxotremorine in combination with alaproclate, while (b) scopolamine blocked the enhancement of retrieval resulting from oxotremorine alone as well as that resulting from alaproclate plus oxotremorine but failed to block the memory enhancement resulting from alaproclate. The present results lend further support to the view that both serotonin and acetylcholine play important roles in memory retrieval. More importantly, the results of the present series of experiments provide additional support for a functional interaction between the serotonergic and cholinergic nervous systems in the mediation of behavior. 相似文献
897.
JUDY O. BERRY 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1987,65(9):508-509
The author presents a four-session, in-service training program in which a counselor serves as facilitator. The focus of the program is training teachers to work more effectively with parents of children with disabilities through the integration of counseling theory and special education practice. 相似文献
898.
John O. Brooks 《Behavior research methods》1987,19(2):260-269
Several assembly language routines are described for use in perceptual identification experiments on the Apple Macintosh computer with MS-BASIC. These routines are in a machine language library that may be accessed from BASIC. No knowledge of assembly language is required to use the statements. In one method of perceptual identification, stimulus clarification, a mask is gradually removed to reveal the stimulus behind it. The other method, stimulus materialization, displays the stimulus on the screen in a piecemeal fashion. Data are reported from a demonstration experiment in which prior exposure to words enabled subjects to identify those words more easily under impoverished conditions. 相似文献
899.
Debunking myths about self-quitting. Evidence from 10 prospective studies of persons who attempt to quit smoking by themselves 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
S Cohen E Lichtenstein J O Prochaska J S Rossi E R Gritz C R Carr C T Orleans V J Schoenbach L Biener D Abrams 《The American psychologist》1989,44(11):1355-1365
This article examines data from 10 longterm prospective studies (N greater than 5,000) in relation to key issues about the self-quitting of smoking, especially those discussed by Schachter. When a single attempt to quit was evaluated, self-quitters' success rates were no better than those reported for formal treatment programs. Light smokers (20 or less cigarettes per day) were 2.2 times more likely to quit than heavy smokers. The cyclical nature of quitting was also examined. There was a moderate rate (mdn = 2.7%) of long-term quitting initiated after the early months (expected quitting window) of these studies, but also a high rate (mdn = 24%) of relapsing for persons abstinent for six months. The number of previous unsuccessful quit attempts was unrelated to success in quitting. Finally, there were few occasional smokers (slips) among successful long-term quitters. We argue that quitting smoking is a dynamic process, not a discrete event. 相似文献
900.
Memory deficits in compulsive checkers: replication and extension in a clinical sample 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
K J Sher R O Frost M Kushner T M Crews J E Alexander 《Behaviour research and therapy》1989,27(1):65-69
Thirteen checkers and twelve noncheckers, identified on the basis of their responses to the checking subscale of the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI; Rachman and Hodgson, 1980), were recruited from a sample of 99 consecutive admissions to the outpatient department of a community mental health center. Consistent with our previous research with nonclinical samples of college students (Sher et al., 1983, 1984), checkers were found to show deficits in memory, especially recall for recently completed actions, compared to noncheckers. This result demonstrates the replicability of our previous findings across different types of samples and implicates deficits in memory for actions as a potentially important determinant of checking behavior. Assessment of spontaneous imagery associated with the anamnestic process suggested that checkers utilized less imagery, especially visual imagery, when recalling biographical information. Additional measures collected at the time of testing indicated that checkers were more neurotic and reported more psychological distress than noncheckers. 相似文献