Different Effects of Cognitive Shifting and Intelligence on Creativity

The relationship between creativity and executive control has long been controversial. Some researchers view creative thinking as a defocused process with little executive control involvement, whereas others claim that executive control plays a vital role in creative thinking. In this study, we focused on one subcomponent of executive control, cognitive shifting, and examined its relationship with creativity by using latent variable analysis and structural equation modeling. We also analyzed whether this relation was mediated by intelligence. The results showed that: (a) cognitive shifting ability had a positive relationship with creativity, but only on the quantitative aspects (fluency and flexibility); (b) Intelligence had a positive relationship with both quantitative and qualitative aspects (originality) of creativity, and its effect on qualitative aspect was stronger than that on the quantitative aspect; (c) There was a mediating effect of intelligence on the relationship between creativity cognitive and shifting.     

Bimanual Lifting: Do Fingertip Forces Work Independently or Interactively?

Bimanual coordination is a commonplace activity, but the consequences of using both hands simultaneously are not well understood. The authors examined fingertip forces across 4 experiments in which participants undertook a range of bimanual tasks. They first measured fingertip forces during simultaneous lifts of 2 identical objects, noting that individuals held the objects with more force bimanually than unimanually. They then varied the mass of the objects held by each hand, noting that when both hands lifted together performance was equivalent to unimanual lifts. The authors next measured one hand's static grip force while the other hand lifted an object. They found a gradual reduction of grip force throughout the trial, but once again no evidence of one hand influencing the other. In the final experiment the authors tested whether tapping with one hand could influence the static grip force of its counterpart. Although the authors found no changes in static grip force as a direct consequence of the other hand's actions, they found clear differences from one task to the other, suggesting an effect of task instruction. Overall, these results suggest that fingertip forces are largely independent between hands in a bimanual lifting context, but are sensitive to different task requirements.     

基于印象管理量表的反应模式筛查故意作假者

社会称许性反应由两个成分组成:自我欺骗(无意识地夸大反应)和印象管理(有意识地歪曲作答)。采用实验研究范式和Mixed Rasch Model,探讨二者在BIDR印象管理量表上的得分及作答模式差异。结果发现,当发生印象管理时,量表分数高于仅发生自我欺骗时的分数,且被试倾向选择极端反应。进而采用logistic回归对量表分数划定分界线,将高于分数线的被试认定为故意作假者,低于分界线的被试认定为仅发生了自我欺骗,没有故意作假。     

高职生时间管理倾向与成就动机的关系研究

文章采用《青少年时间管理倾向量表》和《成就动机量表》对贵州省3个高职院校577名学生进行了问卷调查,结果发现,高职男生在时间效能感、时间价值感和时间监控观上显著高于女生;高职生的时间管理倾向与成就动机存在显著相关,其中高职生的时间管理倾向各维度与追求成功的动机存在显著的正相关,与避免失败的动机存在显著的负相关;高职生的高时间管理组在追求成功的动机上显著高于低时间管理组,而在避免失败的动机上低于低时间管理组;时间价值感、时间监控观对追求成功的动机具有显著的预测力,时间价值感、时间监控观和时间效能感对避免失败的动机具有显著的影响力。     

视觉选择性注意对注意缺损多动障碍儿童数字距离效应的影响

采用Posner的内源性和外源性线索实验范式,材料为1~9的阿拉伯数字(不包括5),以判断目标数字是否大于5为任务,考察视觉选择性注意中的内源性注意和外源性注意对注意缺陷型多动障碍儿童(ADHD)数字加工距离效应的影响。结果发现:(1)内源性和外源性注意条件下,正常儿童在数字判断加工任务中的反应时短于ADHD儿童;(2)内源性有效线索提示条件下,ADHD儿童和正常儿童均表现出显著的数字距离效应;而无效线索提示条件下,ADHD儿童的大小数字距离效应均不明显,正常儿童仍然表现出显著的数字距离效应;(3)外源性有效线索提示条件下,ADHD儿童的小数字距离效应显著,但大数字距离效应不明显,正常儿童则表现出显著的大小数字距离效应;而无效线索提示条件下,只有正常儿童表现出显著的数字距离效应,ADHD儿童的数字距离效应不显著。     

《道德经》与管理

《道德经》是中华文化的瑰宝。张伯端《悟真篇》有云,"阴符宝字逾三百,道德灵文满五千。今古上仙无限数,尽从此处达真诠。可见自古以来,《五千     

Adult outcomes as a function of an early childhood educational program: an Abecedarian Project follow-up

Adult (age 30) educational, economic, and social-emotional adjustment outcomes were investigated for participants in the Abecedarian Project, a randomized controlled trial of early childhood education for children from low-income families. Of the original 111 infants enrolled (98% African American), 101 took part in the age 30 follow-up. Primary indicators of educational level, economic status, and social adjustment were examined as a function of early childhood treatment. Treated individuals attained significantly more years of education, but income-to-needs ratios and criminal involvement did not vary significantly as a function of early treatment. A number of other indicators were described for each domain. Overall, the findings provide strong evidence for educational benefits, mixed evidence for economic benefits, and little evidence for treatment-related social adjustment outcomes. Implications for public policy are discussed.     

父母教养方式对羞怯的作用机制

以752名大学生为被试,考察了父母教养方式与羞怯的关系以及社会支持在其中的中介作用和应对方式在其中的调节作用。结果发现：（1）母亲惩罚严厉和父亲过度保护对羞怯有显著的正向作用,父亲情感温暖对羞怯有显著的负向作用;（2）在母亲惩罚严厉和父亲情感温暖对羞怯的作用中,社会支持起着中介作用;（3）父亲过度保护对羞怯的正向作用受到幻想的调节。     

Career adaptability,calling and the professional competence of social work students in China: A career construction perspective

Based on career construction theory, the current research examined individual and contextual predictors for the professional competence of Chinese undergraduates majoring in social work (N = 270). Results showed that career concern and career curiosity predicted social work students' professional competence, with these relations mediated by the calling in social work. It was also found that the positive effect of calling on professional competence was stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. The corresponding moderated mediation model was supported such that the indirect effects of career concern and career curiosity on professional competence were stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. These findings carry implications for research on career construction theory, as well as career education and career counseling practices.