排序方式： 共有104条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Xing‐Jie Chen Lu‐Lu Liu Ya Wang Tian‐Xiao Yang Jia Huang Ke Li Ya‐Wei Zeng Eric F.C. Cheung David H.K. Shum Therese van Amelsvoort Raymond C.K. Chan 《PsyCh Journal》2019,8(2):261-270
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to do something in the future. Implementation intention refers to a self‐regulatory strategy in the form of “If …, then …” planning that can improve PM performance. However, the neural basis of the effect of implementation intention on PM remains unclear, as do the phases of PM that are affected by implementation intention. This study aimed to address these issues. Healthy participants were randomly assigned to the implementation intention (n = 18) and typical instruction (n = 20) conditions. All of them underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning when performing a PM task, which differentiated encoding, maintenance, and execution phases. Results demonstrated that participants in the implementation intention group showed different brain activations compared to participants in the typical instruction group. During the encoding phase, the implementation intention group showed increased activations in the inferior frontal gyrus (BA 10) and supramarginal gyrus (BA 40) compared to the typical instruction group; during the maintenance phase, the typical instruction group showed stronger activations in the inferior frontal gyrus (BA 46) than the implementation intention group; during the execution phase, the typical instruction group showed increased activations in the precentral gyrus (BA 6) and middle frontal gyrus (BA 8) than the implementation intention group. These results demonstrated the neural correlates of implementation intention on PM in different phases, and support the conclusion of our previous review based on fMRI evidence that implementation intention's improvement of PM performance is not fully automatic. 相似文献
12.
Andrew R. Lewis Paul A. Djupe Stephen T. Mockabee Joshua Su‐Ya Wu 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2015,54(2):419-428
Social science researchers have increasingly come to utilize Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to obtain adult, opt‐in samples for use with experiments. Based on the demographic characteristics of MTurk samples, studies have provided some support for the representativeness of MTurk. Others have warranted caution based on demographic characteristics and comparisons of reliability. Yet, what is missing is an examination of the most glaring demographic difference in MTurk—religion. We compare five MTurk samples with a student convenience sample and the 2012 General Social Survey, finding that MTurk samples have a consistent bias toward nonreligion. MTurk surveys significantly overrepresent seculars and underrepresent Catholics and evangelical Protestants. We then compare the religiosity of religious identifiers across samples as well as relationships between religiosity and partisanship, finding many similarities and a few important differences from the general population. 相似文献
13.
Ya Hui Michelle See Greta Valenti Angeline Y. Y. Ho Michelle S. Q. Tan 《European journal of social psychology》2013,43(6):570-584
This research explores when and how tailoring messages to attitudinal bases backfires. Study 1 demonstrated that for attitudes (toward education subsidies) that were based more on beliefs than emotions, recipients whose initial attitudes were incongruent with the message position (i.e., message opponents) showed mismatching effects, such that the affective message was more persuasive than the cognitive message. Study 2 replicated these mismatching effects among message opponents for attitudes (toward a rival university) that were primarily affective. Study 3 controlled for effects of initial attitude certainty and replicated the mismatching effects of Study 2 for affective attitudes toward an increase in tuition. Finally, Study 4 suggested a potential mechanism for mismatching effects, revealing that for attitudes (toward an online course management system) that were based more on beliefs than emotions, message opponents counter‐argued with the cognitive appeal more intensely than the affective appeal. Contrary to the notion in the extant literature that mismatching effects are relatively rare compared with matching effects, the current research suggests that mismatching effects occur for both primarily affective and cognitive attitudes when the recipient is highly opposed to the message position. The present findings also demonstrate the utility of examining attitudinal bases at the object level in the context of message tailoring. Implications for message tailoring and for affective versus cognitive attitudes are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Everyday experience provides us with the intuition that dynamic events guide or capture attention—something which has been confirmed in experimental studies. Recently, we showed that there are limitations to the extent to which dynamic items attract attention. In a visual search task where all items, except one, were dynamic, the dynamic items could be ignored and the static item could be efficiently detected. In the present study we investigated whether attention is automatically drawn to the static item. Three visual search experiments, in which the target and the static object were uncorrelated, revealed that the static item was nevertheless prioritized. This result is at odds with some of the current theories on attentional capture, including the “new object” hypothesis. The current study suggests that differences in dynamics, rather than dynamic features per se, determine where attention is allocated. 相似文献
15.
毛娅;杨二明;吴燕铭;曹慧丽;杨辉 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2024,45(11):44-48
为深入了解医师数字专业精神的研究现状、热点及发展趋势,运用CiteSpace软件对 Web of Science核心合集数据库建库至2023年3月所收录的386篇相关文献进行可视化分析。结果显示,美国、英国、澳大利亚是该领域影响力最大的国家,高等院校是目前的主要研究机构。当下的研究热点主要包括医师数字专业精神的内涵、现状和影响,以及医师数字专业精神的培育。未来的研究应纳入患者、家属、公众等更多人群的观点,关注医师数字专业精神内涵的动态演变,完善医师数字专业精神的评价体系,并通过在校教育、继续教育等多种途径加强医师数字专业精神的培养。
相似文献16.
现代生物技术前沿与创新药物研究的思考 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
生物技术是当今世界发展最快,潜力最大和影响最深远的高新技术之一。极大地推动着创新药物研究的发展,在基因组学,蛋白质组学,生物信息学和生物芯片等几个生物技术前沿大大拓展了创新药物研究的方法和理论,使创新药物研究具有前所未有的广阔的用武之地。 相似文献
17.
18.
慢性非传染性疾病的急剧增加, 亚健康状态的出现, 不良生活方式的广泛存在, 对人们的健康产生了越来越显著的影响。研究认为, 科学的慢性病管理应当包括亚健康和不良生活方式在内的全人群的慢性病预防。从两种体检、三个状态、九种体质、四种干预方法出发, 提出以健康帮扶、健康促进、体质调理为特色的“二三九四”中西医结合慢性病管理模式。进一步联合企业和社区的初步实践证明, 该模式有利于降低亚健康的现患率, 可提高健康人群的比例, 为中西医结合防治慢性病提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
19.
Rapee RM Kim J Wang J Liu X Hofmann SG Chen J Oh KY Bögels SM Arman S Heinrichs N Alden LE 《Behavior Therapy》2011,42(3):485-492
The current study compared the predicted social and career impact of socially withdrawn and reticent behaviors among participants from Western and East Asian countries. Three hundred sixty-one college students from 5 Western countries and 455 students from 3 East Asian countries read hypothetical vignettes describing socially withdrawn and shy behaviors versus socially outgoing and confident behaviors. Participants then answered questions following each vignette indicating the extent to which they would expect the subject of the vignette to be socially liked and to succeed in their career. Participants also completed measures of their own social anxiety and quality of life. The results indicated significant vignette-by-country interactions in that the difference in perceived social and career impact between shy and outgoing vignettes was smaller among participants from East Asian countries than from Western countries. In addition, significant negative correlations were shown between personal level of shyness and experienced quality of life for participants from both groups of countries, but the size of this relationship was greater for participants from Western than East Asian countries. The results point to the more negative impact of withdrawn and socially reticent behaviors for people from Western countries relative to those from East Asia. 相似文献
20.
近几年,医疗纠纷事件频发,成为影响社会稳定的焦点问题.这就迫切需要行之有效的医疗纠纷解决机制.通过对人民调解机制的概念、在医疗纠纷领域的法律依据、现状、优势等进行了分析,认为将人民调解机制引入医疗纠纷领域,鼓励并发展人民调解机制不失为一条有效、经济、公正的医疗纠纷解决途径. 相似文献