Do birds of a feather flock together in China?

Evidence of couple similarity was examined in 2 nationally representative samples (Ns = 536 and 537 couples) from mainland China. Variable‐centered and couple‐centered tests provided convergent results suggesting that husbands and wives were considerably similar on characteristics of 3 broad categories: demographic variables, values, and personality. Additional tests suggest that value and personality similarities were not likely to be due to social homogamy, convergence, response biases, or culture‐unique characteristics. Whereas the couple similarity on demographics and values largely mirrors what has been observed in Western research, Chinese couples' consistent and strong similarity on personality domains presents a striking contrast to Western couples who share little systematic similarity on personality.     

调节定向对新员工期望的影响

新员工在进入企业工作前,会基于已有信息对即将从事的工作产生一定的预期,即新员工期望。期望对行为的影响很大程度上是通过目标设定或自我调节起作用的,因此本研究尝试分析调节定向对新员工期望的影响。通过对480名新员工的问卷调查发现,调节定向对期望的重要性、可能性和确定性都存在影响,这些影响受期望内容的调节:对于与发展和创新相关的期望,促进定向占主导的新员工对其重要性的判断程度高于预防定向占主导的新员工,且当期望的确定性高时,前者对期望可能性的判断程度高于后者;而对于与安全和责任相关的期望却相反,预防定向占主导的新员工对其重要性的判断程度高于促进定向占主导的新员工,且当期望的确定性高时,前者对期望可能性的判断程度高于后者。     

组织承诺研究综述

本文通过对组织承诺的文献分析,讨论了组织承诺概念的演变和其结构的发展,并对组织承诺的相关因素进行了评述。分析了组织承诺形成的影响变量和其效标变量,对今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

心理信息学:网络信息时代下的心理学新发展

在见证了社会计算与计算社会科学的勃兴之后,心理学和信息科学在网络信息时代相遇,催生出心理信息学这门新兴交叉学科。该学科旨在利用计算机与信息科学技术,通过开展网络调查和实验、开发和利用移动设备、建立数据库和分类体系、使用开源软件和数据挖掘技术等,获取、整理和分析心理学研究资料。其对大规模复杂数据的掌控能力,使心理学家可以从新的高度和视野,针对现实和虚拟网络中的个体与群体心理现象展开研究,重新检视已有理论假设并探索新发现。但是,心理信息学在展现巨大潜力的同时,也在技术和研究设计、伦理和研究规范、研究重心与人才培养等诸多方面面临挑战。     

Who are the Best‐Known National and Foreign Creators — a Comparative Study Among Undergraduates in China and Germany

Separate studies of Chinese and Western individuals have suggested that there are cultural differences in perceptions of creativity, particularly in an emphasis on meritorious salience versus aesthetic salience as bases for creativity, but cross‐cultural studies are needed to substantiate that difference. In this study, undergraduates from Giessen in Germany and Hong Kong and Nanjing in China provided data on the recognition of famous creative persons. Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong and Nanjing mostly nominated politicians, scientists or inventors, but rarely nominated artists, musicians. German undergraduates mostly nominated philosophers, artists, and writers but rarely nominated politicians. This supports our assumption that the Chinese evaluation of creators emphasizes the meritorious salience of creativity whereas the German evaluation of creators emphasizes the aesthetic salience of creativity. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed at the end of the paper.     

触屏手机与传统键盘手机的可用性之比较

以24名大学生为测试对象,结合基于视频的用户绩效测试方法和问卷调查法,比较了测试对象使用触屏手机和传统键盘手机完成测试任务时的绩效及主观满意度。绩效测试的结果显示：在完成测试任务的时间和按键效率方面,两款手机在不同测试任务上各有优势;在按键敏感性方面,传统键盘手机在各项测试任务上均优于触屏手机。主观满意度评价的结果显示：在速度、按键效率Y2．易学性方面,被试认为传统键盘手机基本上都优于触屏手机;在舒适度、愉悦度和灵活性方面,选择购买触屏手机的被试认为触屏手机优于传统键盘手机,而选择传统键盘手机的被试认为两者没有显著差异。     

各种传统医学在高血压治疗中的应用

高血压痛作为最常见的慢性病,其并发症具有较高的致残率及致死率。本文综述近年来各种传统医学在高血压病治疗中的应用,包括传统中医对高血压痛的病因机的阐述,应用中药内服、外服、针灸等临床效果观察,蒙医辨证分型论治高血压病;藏医对高血压病的认识及临床采用的金针疗法治疗高血压病;壮医特色壮药内服,壮医药线点灸刺血疗法对高血压病的临床疗效评价。以此说明传统医药治疗方法对改善高血压病症状较明显,其治疗手段多样,副作用较小,降压效果平稳持久,有效减少并发症的优势。     

风险决策中的领域特异性

风险领域特异性指某特定领域内的风险决策和偏好可能会受到领域内特有的风险因素影响, 因而会导致领域特异性的行为。基于期望法则的风险决策理论认为, 风险倾向具有跨情境的稳定性。但近20年行为决策领域的证据表明, 风险倾向具有领域特异性, 其机制探索、测量工具和影响因素方面均取得了积极进展。从机制探索历程来看, 以往主流机制着重从风险−回报框架解构领域特异性的风险行为, 近年研究在丰富其机制检验证据的同时, 开始从进化、人格、动机等新的视角进行解读; 在测量工具层面, 领域特异性风险量表仍占主导地位, 并在多种文化、内容领域和群体间得到了进一步检验和扩展, 其他基于不同内容领域划分的风险领域特异性量表也具有较好的信效度; 在影响因素层面, 大量研究从遗传、环境、个体差异等角度探索了导致风险领域特异性的前因变量。未来研究方向应注重整合各风险内容领域, 在更加细化的风险领域检验现有理论, 并进一步探索个体层面的领域特异性规律。     

Concepts of Creativity: Similarities and Differences among Mainland,Hong Kong and Taiwanese Chinese

Aspects of creativity concepts across different Chinese populations were examined. A Likert style questionnaire consisting of 60 adjectives was administered to 451 undergraduates from Beijing, Guangzhou, Taipei and Hong Kong. The results show that: (a) the core characteristics of creativity identical in all the samples are: “originality”, “innovativeness”, “thinking” and “observational skills”, “flexibility”, “willingness to try”, “self confidence”, and “imagination”; (b) the Taipei sample, unlike the other three samples, does not associate “wisdom”, “assertiveness”, and “individualism” with creativity; (c) in all Chinese populations the three factors labeled innovative, dynamic, and intellectual were distinguishable in the concept of creativity; (d) “artistic” and “humorous” were missing in the Chinese perception of creativity; (e) creativity characteristics received relatively low ratings on the desirability scale.     

词汇的唤醒度对情绪标注效应的影响—ERPs研究

基于晚期阻断理论考察词汇唤醒度对情绪标注效应的影响,研究选择情绪面孔图片为实验材料,借助ERPs技术,以命名后的LPP波幅为指标,考察词汇的唤醒度对情绪标注效应的影响。结果发现：进行情绪标注时,与使用低唤醒度词相比,高唤醒度词条件下的LPP波幅更小;而进行非情绪标注时,差异不显著;无论词的唤醒度高或低,情绪标注与非情绪标注差异显著,情绪标注下LPP波幅更低。结果表明：进行情绪标注时,情绪词唤醒度越高抑制情绪的效果越好,而进行非情绪标注时则无影响;结果支持了晚期阻断理论。