项目难度与被试能力分布最优匹配的模拟研究

该文运用蒙特卡罗方法对被测试能力分布与测验项目难度分布的匹配问题进行模拟分析,分析表明当能力分布为正态分布正偏态分布和负偏态分布时分别与测验项目难度分布与为正态分布,正偏态分布和负偏态分布匹配,比别的匹配有更高测验期望信息值,测验最大信息测验 系数,并且测验信息曲线最大值的能力点与能力分布的众数愈相一致,测验项目参数估计值性真实值的相关也更高。     

道德直觉合乎道义却不客观

面对道德困境, 道德直觉倾向于促使人们做出道义论的判断。但是, 道德直觉易受情绪因素影响, 具有较强的主观性。道德直觉警惕有意图地使用个人力量造成的伤害, 却会接受由非个人力量或连带作用引发的伤害。“模块近视假说”认为, 大脑中存在一个预警系统, 能快速地对主动伤害的想法发出情绪警报。但该系统的审查机制是一种简单的“单通道”加工, 这种加工局限使连带作用造成的伤害避开了审查机制的监控。道德直觉的不客观提示, 面对现实生活中的道德争议, 不应该仅听凭直觉作为行动的依据。     

驾驶员选择性注意过程中的规则图式启动效应

本研究将驾驶无意视盲范式与交通违规事件识别任务相结合, 通过两个实验分别探究任务性质(有提示、无提示)和规则图式训练(训练、未训练)对驾驶员识别交通信号和违规事件的影响。结果发现, 交通规则提示能够提高有经验的驾驶员识别交通信号的正确率(实验1); 对于新手驾驶员, 则需要结合规则图式训练才能起到相同效果(实验2)。研究表明驾驶员选择性注意过程中存在规则图式启动效应, 图式训练能够弥补新手驾驶员经验的不足。     

Longitudinal relationships among interpersonal openness trait,hostile attribution bias,and displaced aggressive behaviour: Big Five treated as covariates

Displaced aggressive behaviour is associated with many negative outcomes. Although certain personality traits predict displaced aggressive behaviour, the uniquely longitudinal effect of indigenous interpersonal traits on displaced aggressive behaviour is ignored. To address this gap, we explored the longitudinal relationship among an indigenously interpersonal trait of China (interpersonal openness), hostile attribution bias, and self-reported displaced aggressive behaviour. Additionally, we tested whether hostile attribution bias mediated the relationship between interpersonal openness and self-reported displaced aggressive behaviour. The Interpersonal Self-Support Scale for Undergraduate Students, Word Sentence Association Paradigm for Hostility, Displaced Aggression Questionnaire, and the NEO Personality Inventory-3 were administered to 942 undergraduates on two occasions, 6 months apart. A cross-lagged model showed that, after controlling for the Big Five personality traits, interpersonal openness predicted subsequent hostile attribution bias, and hostile attribution bias predicted self-reported displaced aggressive behaviour 6 months later. Hostile attribution bias at time 2 mediated the relationship between interpersonal openness at time 1 and self-reported displaced aggressive behaviour at time 2. These results were consistent with the interpersonal self-support theory's appraisals of interpersonal openness, and they extended the social information processing and general aggression models to explain displaced aggressive behaviour.     

Developing Ethical Leadership in China: The Value of Confucian Virtue Ethics

Most research into ethical leadership depends on Western corporate experience, however current research findings may not fit the Chinese context. As a result, it is necessary to appeal to indigenous and traditional Chinese sources of wisdom when defining and evaluating ethical leadership in China. Both rule-following ethics and instrumental approaches, which are mainly used in recent empirical studies about ethical leadership, cannot enable people to have inner motivation to behave ethically. Accordingly, this article intends to establish an ethical leadership model in China by appealing to Confucian virtue ethics. A Confucian ethical leader possesses benevolence (ren 仁) inside and treats others in a proper way according to ritual and rites (li 禮). He/she makes self-cultivation as the first priority and is a virtuous role model, influencing others in a natural way by of his/her moral charisma. For such a person, economic profitableness is not a primary concern, where instead the goals, strategies and practices of his/her organization are defined by the principle of righteousness (yi 義).     

大学生未来取向与学习自主性的关系研究:学业延迟满足和时间管理倾向的多重中介作用

本研究旨在探讨未来取向和学习自主性的关系,分析学业延迟满足、时间管理倾向的作用.采用问卷法对731名大学生进行调查,研究表明:(1)大学生未来取向、学业延迟满足、时间管理倾向和学习自主性之间均存在显著相关;(2)大学生学业延迟满足、时间管理倾向在未来取向和学习自主性间存在中介效用,即未来取向直接影响大学生的学习自主性,...     

老庄善恶观试探

老庄所谓心、性是两个绝对不同的概念.其他事物从于性,而人从于心.人之善与恶在于心之用.圣人、至人代表着老庄所谓善,圣人、至人非由其本性成就,而由心之修养工夫成就,所以道德之根源在于心.人之违背本性与道,代表着老庄所谓恶,人违背本性与道亦由人之心所起,所以恶亦源于心.性源于道,性与道是相通的.心之用合于本性、合于道即为善,违背本性、违背道即为恶,所以性与道是老庄之善恶标准.心合于性与道,是老庄修养工夫之目标.     

消费者品牌联想的建立与测量

品牌联想即记忆中与品牌结点联结的信息结点,它们构成品牌形象,是品牌资产的重要组成部分,具有网络结构性、聚类性、双向性、隐喻性、内隐性和多维性等特点。品牌联想是消费者购买决策和品牌忠诚的基础,因此企业需要建立独特、强烈、有利和深层次的品牌联想群以区别于竞争品牌。对品牌联想的测量包括识别联想内容及其网络结构。品牌联想概念的界定和维度模型的构建、测量方法的改进等都是将来仍需深入研究的问题     

再生障碍性贫血发病机制认识的发展与启示

再生障碍性贫血的发病机制已经突破了"种子"、"土壤"、"虫子"学说,并沿着"免疫异常"理论进入"自身免疫病"理论.同时这是一个科学思维付诸实践不断探索的过程.大量证据表明再生障碍性贫血是一种自身免疫病,它应该符合自身免疫病的共性,这一认识开阔了人们的视野,使人们能在更高的层面上考察原来的事物.     

患者集中大医院就医的行为经济学分析

认为患者的行为心理因素是造成就医集中现象的重要原因,其中,关于参照点的选择是影响患者就医行为的重要因素,风险规避、损失厌恶、心理账户、敏感度递减等因素也是重要的影响因素。通过提高社区医院的力量、改革医疗保险的支付方式、对技术的理性追求等措施,可以缓解这一反常现象。