死亡心理:外部防御还是内在成长?

对西方主要的死亡心理研究进行了回顾和比较分析,不同的死亡心理研究在研究传统、研究对象和研究方法方面存在差异。但是根据研究的侧重点,可以总结出死亡心理的核心内涵:外部防御和内在成长。对死亡的抽象认知产生死亡焦虑,死亡焦虑产生死亡恐惧、自我保护、外在价值导向等外部防御反应;对死亡的具体认知产生死亡反省,死亡反省产生死亡接受、亲社会动机和行为、内在价值导向等内在成长反应。作者以死亡心理的两类反应为框架,综述了近5年来新的研究证据,并对该领域当前研究的局限和未来研究方向进行了分析。     

新的历程——五台山文化研讨会暨五台山研究会第三届会员代表大会会议综述

2007年9月3日至5日,五台山文化研讨会暨五台山研究会第三届会员代表大会在五台山五峰宾馆举行。本次会议由五台山研究会、五台山风景名胜区主办。第九届全国人大常委、环境与资源保护委员会副主任白清才,山西省原人大副主任李玉明,山西省社科院党组书记、院长李留澜,     

Customer's perceived value of waiting time for service events

The authors address the effects of money gain and loss on individually perceived value as predicted by prospect theory in a time gain‐and‐loss context. Three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 results support the prospect theory concept of value function. According to Experiment 2 results, the amount of money involved exerted different impacts on individual perceptions—specifically, study participants preferred gaining $1 on one occasion to gaining 50 cents over two occasions and preferred losing $1 one time to losing 50 cents twice. Further, the combined results indicate that the study participants held different perceptions of the value of “short time” versus “little money”—that is, they preferred saving an extra 2 minutes on one occasion to saving 1 minute on two occasions and preferred waiting an extra 1 minute two times to waiting an extra 2 minutes one time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Demonstration of Set-Points for Subjective Wellbeing

This paper presents evidence for the existence of ‘set-points’ for subjective wellbeing. Our results derive from a 10-year longitudinal study in which subjective wellbeing has been measured using a single question of general life satisfaction. The process of data analysis is driven by logic based on the theory of subjective wellbeing homeostasis. This analysis involves the iterative elimination of raw data, from 7,356 individual respondents, based on confidence limits. All results are projected onto a 0–100 point scale. We demonstrate evidence for the existence of set-points lying between 71 and 90 points, with an average set-point-range of 18–20 points for each person. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.     

大学生无聊倾向与认知失败的关系:手机成瘾倾向的中介作用及其在独生与非独生群体间的差异

运用方便取样的方法从河北省选取河北大学、河北科技大学、邢台学院3所高校共522名大一至大四学生,采用问卷法考察手机成瘾倾向在无聊倾向与认知失败间的中介作用,以及独生与非独生对上述中介作用的调节作用。结果发现（1）无聊倾向、手机成瘾倾向与认知失败两两均呈显著正相关;（2）大学生手机成瘾倾向在无聊倾向外部刺激因子与认知失败的关系间起到部分中介作用;（3）是否独生能够调节无聊倾向内部刺激因子与手机成瘾倾向之间的关系,只有独生群体中内部刺激才能显著预测手机成瘾倾向。     

For God (or) country: the hydraulic relation between government instability and belief in religious sources of control

It has been recently proposed that people can flexibly rely on sources of control that are both internal and external to the self to satisfy the need to believe that their world is under control (i.e., that events do not unfold randomly or haphazardly). Consistent with this, past research demonstrates that, when personal control is threatened, people defend external systems of control, such as God and government. This theoretical perspective also suggests that belief in God and support for governmental systems, although seemingly disparate, will exhibit a hydraulic relationship with one another. Using both experimental and longitudinal designs in Eastern and Western cultures, the authors demonstrate that experimental manipulations or naturally occurring events (e.g., electoral instability) that lower faith in one of these external systems (e.g., the government) lead to subsequent increases in faith in the other (e.g., God). In addition, mediation and moderation analyses suggest that specific concerns with order and structure underlie these hydraulic effects. Implications for the psychological, sociocultural, and sociopolitical underpinnings of religious faith, as well as system justification theory, are discussed.     

医患共同决策诊疗模式的现状分析

医患共同决策诊疗模式已经践行了许多年.系统检测,卓有成效.但是,在实践过程中仍然有很多问题存在.尽管许多医生认为自己已经使用了共同决策,但是研究显示出现实与感知的差异.由于我们的决策面对的是需要治疗的患者,而患者是存在个体差异的;同时,医学知识和技术是在不断发展和进步的,所以医生需要改变传统的决策方式,重视医学证据、可用资源和患者的价值取向.     

胃肠道肿瘤的分子靶向治疗:未来的方向?

分子靶向治疗是这几年来消化道肿瘤治疗领域的热门话题.这类新一代的分子靶向生物治疗模式,将在临床治疗肿瘤实践中具有广阔的应用前景.从事肿瘤研究的临床医务人员需要综合归纳这些信息,融汇入自己的认知将之合理应用于患者.我们将真正进入传统的细胞毒性药物攻击与非细胞毒性靶向性药物相结合使用的时代,真正实现延长患者的生命,改善其生活质量的目标.     

糖尿病与乳腺癌关系研究进展

近年来随着生活水平的提高,饮食结构的改变,糖尿病的发病率不断升高,其并发症严重危害人们的健康.对于女性来说,乳腺癌发病率已上升为危害女性健康的首位恶性肿瘤,给女性带来了严重的心理压力.糖尿病与癌症相关性研究逐渐引起重视.有研究表明,糖尿病会增加乳腺癌的发病率,但也有研究表明二者之间的关系存在争议,所以需要进一步的流行病学调查研究.本文对近年来关于糖尿病与乳腺癌关系的流行病学调查以及糖尿病与乳腺癌之间可能的作用机制作一综述.     

汉字输入中认知技能与动作技能的分离

通过20名大学生在采用目光注视屏幕上的键盘完成汉字输入任务的眼动研究,将汉字输入中的认知技能与动作技能实现分离,从而探究关于键盘布局图式的认知技能的发展.结果发现:(1)在标准键盘显示下,汉字输入技能水平高分组与低分组在完成时间上没有显著差异,而空白键盘显示下高分组的完成时间显著快于低分组;(2)两种键盘显示方式下,低分组的眼动指标都没有显著差异,而高分组在空白键盘显示下的平均注视时间要显著多于标准键盘显示下的.