Overclaiming as a measure of faking

Researchers have recently asserted that popular measures of response distortion (i.e., socially desirable responding scales) lack construct validity (i.e., measure traits rather than test faking) and that applicant faking on personality tests remains a serious concern ( [Griffith and Peterson, 2008] and [Holden, 2008]). Thus, although researchers and human resource (HR) selection specialists have been attempting to find measures which readily capture individual differences in faking that increase personality test validity, to date such attempts have rarely, if ever succeeded. The current study, however, finds that the overclaiming technique captures individual differences in faking and subsequently increases personality test score validity via suppressing unwanted error variance in personality test scores. Implications of this research on the overclaiming technique for improving HR selection decisions are illustrated and discussed.     

关于血管内皮细胞生长因子基因治疗

血管内皮细胞生长因子具有强大的促血管新生的作用,基因治疗可以明显地促进缺血组织的血管新生,治疗作用明显。但如果局部表达浓度过高,则会形成血管瘤组织。同时这也为血管瘤的研究提供了很好的动物模型。     

加入WTO对我国医药卫生科学研究的影响及对策

中国加入WTO,不仅对我国经济和社会的发展带来机遇和挑战,而且对我们的医药卫生科学研究的发展,产生巨大的影响。这就需要我们采取积极的措施,变压力为动力,加速我国医药卫生科学研究和学科建设的发展。     

Judging egocentric distance on the ground: occlusion and surface integration

On the basis of the finding that a common and homogeneous ground surface is vital for accurate egocentric distance judgments (Sinai et al, 1998 Nature 395 497-500), we propose a sequential-surface-integration-process (SSIP) hypothesis to elucidate how the visual system constructs a representation of the ground-surface in the intermediate distance range. According to the SSIP hypothesis, a near ground-surface representation is formed from near depth cues, and is utilized as an anchor to integrate the more distant surfaces by using texture-gradient information as the depth cue. The SSIP hypothesis provides an explanation for the finding that egocentric distance judgment is underestimated when a texture boundary exists on the ground surface that commonly supports the observer and target. We tested the prediction that the fidelity of the visually represented ground-surface reference frame depends on how the visual system selects the surface information for integration. Specifically, if information is selected along a direct route between the observer and target where the ground surface is disrupted by an occluding object, the ground surface will be inaccurately represented. In experiments 1-3 we used a perceptual task and two different visually directed tasks to show that this leads to egocentric distance underestimation. Judgment is accurate however, when the observer selects the continuous ground information bypassing the occluding object (indirect route), as found in experiments 4 and 5 with a visually directed task. Altogether, our findings provide support for the SSIP hypothesis and reveal, surprisingly, that the phenomenal visual space is not unique but depends on how optic information is selected.     

Private self-consciousness factors: relationships with need for cognition, locus of control, and obsessive thinking in Iran and the United States

The authors measured Internal State Awareness (ISA) and Self-Reflectiveness (SR) factors from the Private Self-Consciousness Scale in Iranian (N = 325) and U.S. (N = 401) university students. In both societies, positive correlations with Need for Cognition and Internal Control and negative correlations with external control and obsessive thinking confirmed ISA as an adaptive form of self-consciousness. In partial correlations in which the authors controlled for ISA, SR was associated cross-culturally with greater Obsessive Thinking. This outcome conformed with the authors' expectations that SR would have negative mental health implications, but other data revealed complexities in the SR association with adjustment. Differences between samples failed to yield any simple support for F. Fukuyama's (1992) suggestion that Iranians might be more "alienated" (pp. 236-237) in their psychological functioning. The present study most importantly offered cross-cultural evidence in favor of the claim that better measures of an introspective self-awareness need to be developed.     

部件类型还是交错关系信息的习得促进问题解决？

本研究旨在探讨知觉组块中部件类型和空间交错关系信息的学习是否促进问题解决。研究采用学习-测试范式,71名有效被试（女性25名,平均年龄=20.51±2.35岁）先学习解答组块破解问题然后进行测试。研究分别在学习和测试阶段基于组块破解任务操纵了部件类型（汉字水平vs.笔画水平）和空间交错关系（交错vs.非交错）。学习阶段,被试分别在四组中完成组块破解练习;在测试阶段完成所有四组问题。研究发现,对交错关系信息的学习与利用相对于部件类型信息促进了问题解决：在涉及交错信息的测试任务上,涉及交错信息比非交错信息的学习条件解答率更高,反应时更短;反之则不是。然而部件类型则没有发现类似的促进效应。与此同时,交错关系信息的习得需要对任务的重复操作学习：涉及交错关系信息的组块破解学习成绩在不同任务间并不随时间推移而提高,但会随重复学习次数而提高。     

父母低头行为对儿童青少年心理发展的影响

父母低头行为是指父母照顾或与孩子交流时,过分关注与使用手机而忽视孩子的行为。梳理相关研究发现,父母低头行为会对孩子产生多种不良影响,如,降低亲子关系交流质量、增加意外伤害风险、损伤人际交往能力、导致问题行为增多。现有研究采用取代假说、多任务操作理论以及依恋理论对影响过程进行解释。未来研究的关键在于邻近概念的区分、测量方式和研究方法的改进、探讨儿童对父母手机使用行为的看法以及移动设备对亲子互动可能的积极影响。     

儿童面对不同对象的欺骗表现及其相关的社会性特点

为进一步探讨儿童欺骗行为的表现及其影响因素,在研究一中,分别引入陌生的成年女性、成年男性、同龄女孩、同龄男孩等四种游戏对手,探讨159名幼儿园大班的儿童在面对不同对象的情况下外显欺骗行为是否发生变化？结果表明,被试性别、对手年龄和对手性别三因素之间交互作用显著,儿童更倾向于欺骗成年女性以及和自己性别不同的同伴。研究二采用儿童社会化量表进一步考察儿童欺骗行为和其它社会性特点的关联。结果表明隐蔽的动作欺骗和意志维度显著相关,外显的动作欺骗和好胜心维度显著相关,说谎和自我概念维度显著相关     

非小细胞肺癌的综合诊治策略——NCCN肿瘤学临床实践指南(2006第二版)评析

肺癌目前位于世界肿瘤死亡原因的首位.肺癌的治疗应根据临床不同的分期,选择规范化的治疗方案.肺癌规范化综合治疗可使早期肺癌患者5年生存率达50%～70%左右.中晚期达到25%左右.美国NCCN肿瘤学临床实践指南在2006年发布了第二版非小细胞肺癌治疗方案,对于规范化治疗肺癌以及提高肺癌病人生存率和生存质量有着积极的意义.