小学儿童数概念与运算能力发展的研究

我们曾对学龄前儿童和初入学儿童数概念与运算能力的发展作了研究。小学儿童的运算思惟是如何发展的呢?这也是儿童心理学重要研究领域之一。 我们围绕着小学儿童数概念与运算能力发展的研究,企图摸索一下小学儿童运算中     

舞动治疗：一种自下而上的精神分裂症干预探索

皮层-基底节-丘脑网络与脑岛网络属于感觉运动相关网络, 这两个网络的改变可能是导致精神分裂症的重要原因。目前主流研究与临床干预聚焦于患者的高级脑区异常, 对感觉运动系统的关注不足。对健康个体的研究发现舞蹈训练对感觉运动相关脑网络具有显著提升作用, 并自下而上地促进高级功能。以上研究提示舞蹈训练可能是干预精神分裂症、改善患者认知功能的新途径。本研究拟借助多模态磁共振成像技术, 以精神分裂症感觉运动相关网络为着力点, 通过分析精神分裂症患者在舞蹈训练前后的脑影像、临床症状及认知行为的改变, 揭示舞蹈训练临床干预的神经机制。     

Working memory biasing of visual perception without awareness

Previous research has demonstrated that the contents of visual working memory can bias visual processing in favor of matching stimuli in the scene. However, the extent to which such top-down, memory-driven biasing of visual perception is contingent on conscious awareness remains unknown. Here we showed that conscious awareness of critical visual cues is dispensable for working memory to bias perceptual selection mechanisms. Using the procedure of continuous flash suppression, we demonstrated that “unseen” visual stimuli during interocular suppression can gain preferential access to awareness if they match the contents of visual working memory. Strikingly, the very same effect occurred even when the visual cue to be held in memory was rendered nonconscious by masking. Control experiments ruled out the alternative accounts of repetition priming and different detection criteria. We conclude that working memory biases of visual perception can operate in the absence of conscious awareness.     

Why employees with higher challenging appraisals style are more affectively engaged at work? The role of challenging stressors: A moderated mediation model

Challenging stressors have been positively linked to various work outcomes. However, the role of individual differences in stress appraisal in shaping the function of challenging stressors and work outcomes has been rarely discussed. Drawing on the individual differences perspective, the authors propose that employees higher in challenge appraisal are more likely to have challenging stressors and are more responsive to such stressors to have a higher positive affect at work. Results obtained from 117 employees supported the hypotheses. The results indicated that challenge appraisal is positively related to challenging stressors. In addition, challenging stressors has a positive association with positive affect at work when challenge appraisal is high but has a null association when challenge appraisal is low. The findings suggest that challenging stressors does not necessarily bring positive work outcomes as suggested in past studies and highlight the importance of considering dispositional tendency in stress appraisal when looking into the function of challenging stressors and work outcomes.     

Reduced repetition suppression in the occipital visual cortex during repeated negative Chinese personality‐trait word processing

Reduced neural activation have been consistently observed during repeated items processing, a phenomenon termed repetition suppression. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate whether and how stimuli of emotional valence affects repetition suppression by adopting Chinese personality‐trait words as materials. Seventeen participants were required to read the negative and neutral Chinese personality‐trait words silently. And then they were presented with repeated and novel items during scanning. Results showed significant repetition suppression in the inferior occipital gyrus only for neutral personality‐trait words, whereas similar repetition suppression in the left inferior temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus was revealed for both the word types. These results indicated common and distinct neural substrates during processing Chinese repeated negative and neutral personality‐trait words.     

A型人格与“80后”大学生员工职业锚的关系研究

个性与人们职业选择和职业发展存在着密切关系,选择与人格相匹配的职业锚,不仅有助于个体合理规划自身的职业生涯,而且组织也可以人员优化组合,从而提高组织绩效。本文以A型人格作为人格测量指标,选取“80后”大学生员工为研究对象,通过问卷调查深入探讨了A型人格与职业锚之间的关系,结果发现：A型人格与“80后”大学生员工自主型、创业型、技术型与挑战型的职业锚存在正相关,与挑战型和自主型职业锚有因果关系,其中时间紧迫感（CH）维度对挑战型职业锚有预测作用,竞争不耐烦（TH）维度对自主型职业锚有预测作用。具有A型人格的“80后”大学生员工非常适合创业和自主型的工作。B型较适合选择管理型与安全型的职业锚以发展自身的职业道路。本文对相关数据进行分析并提出建议和对策,帮助“80后”大学生员工设计符合自身个性的职业生涯规划。     

An Internal Performance Assessment of CancerGene Connect: An Electronic Tool to Streamline,Measure and Improve the Genetic Counseling Process

CancerGene Connect (CGC) is a web-based program that combines the collection of family and medical history, cancer risk assessment, psychosocial assessment, report templates, a result tracking system, and a patient follow up system. The performance of CGC was assessed in several ways: pre-appointment completion data analyzed for demographic and health variables; a time study to assess overall time per case and to compare the data entry by the genetic counselor compared to the patient, and a measured quality assessment of the program via observation and interview of patients. Prior to their appointment, 52.3 % of 2,414 patients completed the online patient questionnaire section of CGC. There were significant differences in completion rates among racial and ethnic groups. County hospital patients were less likely to complete the questionnaire than insured patients (p?p?CGC. CGC reduces genetic counselor time by approximately 14–46 % compared to average time per case using traditional risk assessment and documentation methods previously reported. All surveyed users felt the questionnaire was easy to understand. CGC is an effective tool that streamlines workflow, and provides a standardized data collection tool that can be used to evaluate and improve the genetic counseling process.     

隔代抚养与老年人抑郁水平：一项基于东西方文化背景的元分析

通过对横截面研究和病例对照研究进行meta分析探讨隔代抚养与老年人抑郁水平的关系。在三个英文数据库Web of Science、EBSCO和PubMed以及两个中文数据库CNKI和万方检索2021年6月29日前发表的横截面研究以及病例对照研究, 共纳入原始文献22篇。采用随机效应模型估计总体标准均值差(d)和95%置信区间, 东西方文化背景下d值分别为-0.05 (95% CI为[-0.18, 0.08])和0.22 (95% CI为[0.04, 0.40])。此外, 在东方文化背景下, 抑郁测量工具的类型、研究设计类型、性别和配偶状况, 能够显著调节两者的关系; 而在西方文化背景下, 只有抑郁测量工具的类型和研究设计类型能够显著调节两者的关系。在东方文化背景下, 隔代抚养对老年人抑郁水平没有显著作用; 在西方文化背景下, 隔代抚养对老年人抑郁水平起显著的消极作用。